STAAR Review World History

Greek/Roman Influence Human reasoning: Human reasoning: Socrates-questioning Socrates-questioning Plato-philosopher king Plato-philosopher king Aristotle-relationships; cause and effect Aristotle-relationships; cause and effect Art/Architecture-ideal proportions Art/Architecture-ideal proportions

Religious: scholars use observation and experience to explain the world rather than traditional church teachings; led to change in beliefs (Reformation) Religious: scholars use observation and experience to explain the world rather than traditional church teachings; led to change in beliefs (Reformation)

Political: Italian city-states become powerful because of increased trade; influenced by ideas from Machiavelli’s “The Prince” Political: Italian city-states become powerful because of increased trade; influenced by ideas from Machiavelli’s “The Prince”

Economic: spread of ideas encourages people to improve their living conditions; led to trade increases, new products are available, cities grow Economic: spread of ideas encourages people to improve their living conditions; led to trade increases, new products are available, cities grow

Intellectual Scholarship-studied Greek and Roman philosophy; led to questioning of church; Scholarship-studied Greek and Roman philosophy; led to questioning of church; Literature-used vernacular- Shakespeare Literature-used vernacular- Shakespeare Science: reinforced inquiry-based study; Ex: Copernicus and Galileo Science: reinforced inquiry-based study; Ex: Copernicus and Galileo

Artistic Realistic use of perspective Realistic use of perspective Paint: Leonardo DaVinci Paint: Leonardo DaVinci Sculpture: Michelangelo Sculpture: Michelangelo Architecture: Brunelleschi-Dome in Florence Architecture: Brunelleschi-Dome in Florence

Secularism: belief in the separation of thought and influence between government and religious institutions Secularism: belief in the separation of thought and influence between government and religious institutions Humanism: use of inquiry and reasoning to explain the world Humanism: use of inquiry and reasoning to explain the world

Influence/Impact Printing press: Gutenberg Printing press: Gutenberg Allowed mass production of books; encourages the spread of new ideas Allowed mass production of books; encourages the spread of new ideas

Vernacular Every day language; began printing in vernacular Every day language; began printing in vernacular Increased literacy Increased literacy

Reformation Spirit of inquiry led to increased literacy Spirit of inquiry led to increased literacy Challenged Pope’s authority Challenged Pope’s authority Knowledge of corruption and sale of indulgences led to growing loss of spiritual influence Knowledge of corruption and sale of indulgences led to growing loss of spiritual influence Printing press helped spread ideas throughout Europe Printing press helped spread ideas throughout Europe Protestant art glorified God’s creations and nature; not Jesus or Apostles Protestant art glorified God’s creations and nature; not Jesus or Apostles

Counter-Reformation Catholic Church reaction-punish heretics Catholic Church reaction-punish heretics

Reformation strengthens power of kings Reformation strengthens power of kings “Act of Supremacy” “Act of Supremacy”

Aztec Complex social organization Complex social organization Calendar Calendar Human sacrifice Human sacrifice

Maya 365 day calendar 365 day calendar Writing system Writing system Large cities Large cities Pyramids and temples Pyramids and temples Human sacrifice Human sacrifice

Inca Road system Road system Quipu communication system (knotted ropes) Quipu communication system (knotted ropes) Stone buildings Stone buildings Machu Picchu Machu Picchu

Label and Draw: 1. the Columbian Exchange 2. Triangular Trade Route 3. Atlantic Slave Trade

Create a Time Line: On bottom of page 10, create a time line showing major events in the On bottom of page 10, create a time line showing major events in the 1. Exploration of the Americas 2. Rise and fall of Latin American Civilizations 3. Colonization of the Americas

Absolutism Case studies: Case studies: France: Louis XIV controlled all economic, political, and religious aspects of his people’s lives; his will was law France: Louis XIV controlled all economic, political, and religious aspects of his people’s lives; his will was law England: Queen Elizabeth created strong centralized monarchy based on nationalism, state religion, sharing some power with parliament. England: Queen Elizabeth created strong centralized monarchy based on nationalism, state religion, sharing some power with parliament.

Divine Right King and Queen justified rule and power because they believed it was God’s will for them to rule: “God- given power” King and Queen justified rule and power because they believed it was God’s will for them to rule: “God- given power”

Absolute Monarchy A king or queen’s total control over their subjects A king or queen’s total control over their subjects

Enlightenment Origins: roots in Renaissance and Scientific Revolution; questioned traditional institutions and customs Origins: roots in Renaissance and Scientific Revolution; questioned traditional institutions and customs Impact: challenged divine right; inspires American and French revolutions Impact: challenged divine right; inspires American and French revolutions

Star Players: Voltaire: religious toleration Voltaire: religious toleration Rousseau: social contract Rousseau: social contract Montesquieu: checks and balances; three branches Montesquieu: checks and balances; three branches Locke: social contract; free state of nature Locke: social contract; free state of nature

Scientific Revolution Origins: roots in Renaissance; rejected tradition and church; favored direct observation Origins: roots in Renaissance; rejected tradition and church; favored direct observation Impact: new ways of scientific thinking; reinforced observation and reasoning to explain world Impact: new ways of scientific thinking; reinforced observation and reasoning to explain world

Star Players: Newton: Law of Gravity Newton: Law of Gravity Boyle: “Father of Chemistry” Boyle: “Father of Chemistry”

Describe England’s road to Limited Monarchy 1. Magna Carta: limited kings power and granted rights 2. Parliament: representative body; king struggled to share power 3. English Civil War 4. Glorious Revolution: William and Mary agree to Bill of Rights 5. Move from monarchy to democratic republic

Describe Russia under Enlightened Despotism 1. Rule under Catherine the Great (Czarina of Russia) 2. Introduced enlightened ideas to reform society 3. Religious tolerance, science academies, social reforms that favored middle and upper classes 4. At the same time, trying to maintain absolute power