Haitian and Latin American Revolutions

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Presentation transcript:

Haitian and Latin American Revolutions

Haitian Revolution 1789-1804 Only successful slave revolt Island of Hispaniola French colony of Saint-Domingue in west (now Haiti) Rich Caribbean colony Sugar, coffee, cotton Almost 1/3 of France’s foreign trade Slaves are majority of population 500,000 slaves/”maroons” 40,000 white settlers 30,000 free blacks

Haitian Revolution Inspired by American and French revolutions 500 gens de couleur (free Africans) sent to fight British in American Revolution 1789 white settlers demand self- rule, but with no equality for free Africans 1791 civil war breaks out between white settlers and free African residents Slaves revolt in support of free black British, Spanish forces send support for African fighters

Toussaint L'Ouverture

Haitian Leader :Toussaint Louverture Free slave, lead revolutionary army 1801 organized first constitution based on American/French First constitution to abolish slavery Equality granted to all men 1802- Napoleon sends troops to seize island Arrest Toussaint French troops driven out, 1804 declared independent nation of Haiti

Post-Revolutionary Government Representative Republic Universal male suffrage

Latin American Revolutions

Factors Attributing to Revolutions Napoleonic Empire weakens power/presence of Spain Spain increases taxes on American colonists to pay for wars against France Colonies resent lack of representation in Spain/Portugal Inspired by successful American, French, Haitian Revolutions Creoles outnumber and resent control of peninsulares

France Conquers Spain Napoleon replaces Spanish king with brother Revolutionaries use transition/weakness to revolt against Spanish rule Target peninsulares and representatives of crown

Latin American Independence Central America: Mexico Declared independence from Spain 1813 * Est. constitutional monarchy, then republic 1823 Southern states declare independence 1838: Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica South America: Simón Bolívar – Venezuelan general Organized and lead revolutions throughout South America 1820- Established self first president of Gran Colombia: unified republic of former Spanish colonies- Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Guyana, and NW Brazil Disbands in 1831 due to political disagreements, countries est. independent rule Spanish power completely removed from Americas by 1825

Brazilian Independence 1807- Napoleon’s invasion sends Portuguese royal court to exile in Rio de Janeiro 1821 King returns, son Pedro left behind as regent Pedro negotiates with creoles, declares independence of Brazil Becomes Emperor of Brazil (r. 1822-1844) Social structure remains largely intact

Latin America in 1830