2500 BC People developed an advanced civilization around the Indus River They farmed, built cities (Harappa and Mohenjo Daro), traded, and developed a system of writing They made bronze tools, clay pottery, and cotton cloth

1500 BC Indo Aryans took control of Northern India They developed Hinduism when their beliefs mixed with people’s beliefs already living there They developed a written language called Sanskrit They developed the caste system, a system in which people belonged to a specific social status that determined their job, who they would marry, etc.

500s BC Buddhism developed in the region of Nepal. It was founded by a young prince named, Siddhartha Gautama, who became the enlightened one when he realized that life was full of suffering because people want too many material items

BC The Mauryan Empire took control of most of India The Mauryan’s most famous ruler was Asoka He was a Buddhist who emphasized peace and trade and culture thrived under his rule

AD The Gupta Empire dominated the region Founded by Chandra Gupta II who was a Hindu Brought a time of prosperity to India A golden age occurred (art, literature, math, science, etc. flourished)

1000s AD Muslim armies began to enter India and take control of some regions

1500s-1700s The Mogul Empire, a Muslim empire took over South Asia Some famous Mogul rulers were Babur the Tiger, Akbar, and Shah Jahan who built the Taj Mahal

Founder of Mughal Empire was Babur the Tiger, descendent of Genghis Khan, after his death his kingdom was divided among his sons

Akbar Babur the Tiger’s grandson, reunited the kingdom, allowed all people to worship freely, good ruler, successful conqueror, reorganized the government and taxes, made the empire rich

Shah Jahan Akbar’s grandson and built the Taj Mahal When Mumtaz died, Shah Jahan was stricken with grief. He didn’t eat for 8 days. He wanted to build her the most beautiful mausoleum. He was going to build a matching black one for himself, but that never happened.

Taj Mahal Took 21 years to build 20,000 workers Made of white marble Geometric designs, flower patterns, and verses from the Qur’an adorn the walls

A mosque

1600s English traders arrived and built trading posts in the region

1780s The British began to gain control parts of India through a trading company called the British East India Company

Early 1800s The British gained control of more and more of South Asia through their trading company

1857 Sepoys, Indian troops, revolted against their British officers, the British ended up crushing the rebellion and turning India into a colony that belonged to Britain The British exploited India’s resources for its own profit

Early 1900s Independence movements began as more and more Indians used civil disobedience, boycotts, and nonviolence to protest British rule Mohandas Gandhi led the protests against British rule

Mohandas “Mahatma” Gandhi

1947 India finally received its independence from the British. The colony was split into two parts India was created as a Hindu country Pakistan was created as a Muslim country Pakistan was technically West Pakistan and East Pakistan

Millions had to move in one of the world’s largest migrations

Which flag belongs to India and which one belongs to Pakistan?

1971 East Pakistan became independent and was renamed Bangladesh

Today There are conflicts between India and Pakistan concerning the piece of land known as Kashmir and nuclear weapons