1. Asia

2. India

3. India: Geography India is considered a subcontinent – a large area of land separated from the rest of a continent by a natural barrier.

4. India – Geography Himalayan Mountains Natural barrier Limits the movement of people Contains Mt. Everest Origins of Ganges and Indus Rivers

5. India Ganges River is sacred to Indians who follow the Hindu religion. It is also where the dead are cremated.

6. India’s History 2000 BCE – Invasion of Indus Valley by the Aryans from Central Asia. Aryans brought with them the Hindu religion and Caste System 600 BCE – Ganges River Settlements

7. India’s History 330 BCE – The Maurya Empire: Invaded and developed trade with Greece, Rome, and China Golden Age of India – Ashoka spread Buddhism

8. India’s History 1626-1707, the Mughal Empire brought Islam to India. Akbar’s grandson built a magnificent mausoleum to his wife, now known as The Taj Mahal

9. Taj Mahal Trash

10. India’s History 1600’s CE: British East India Company and Exploration Indians were banned from holding top authority positions Brought cultural diffusion of language, customs, laws, etc. 1858 CE: British government takes over British East India Company and begins colonizing

11. India’s History Under British rule until Mohandas Gandhi peacefully fought for independence – called for civil disobedience using four methods Passive Resistance – nonviolence noncooperation Civil Disobedience – refuse to obey unjust laws Economic Boycott – don’t purchase British goods. Buy Indian goods instead Dandi Salt March – protest tax on salt

12. Mahatma Gandhi Born in India 1869. Most important figure in India in the 20 th century Lived in South Africa and participated in peaceful protests against the government's treatment of Indian settlers Returned to India in 1915 and became a political leader Helped India gain independence in 1947

13. India – Independence in 1947 India became the world’s largest democracy Government passes laws to protect and help Untouchables Women are given right to vote and have careers Assassinated in 1948 by a Hindu who did not like that Gandhi felt Muslims had equal values and no one was better than anyone else “Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever.” -Gandhi

14. India’s History After WWII: India divided into East and West Pakistan Pakistan (Islam) and India (Hinduism) had a combined 12 million refugees Still conflict between the two: Religious differences and Territorial disputes (Kashmir)

15. India 1950-1990: Foreign Policy during Cold War Foreign policy became Nonalignment – remained neutral supporting neither the United States or USSR United States: gave food and economic assistance USSR: gave technical and financial aid United States and India relations suffered in 1971 when US supported Pakistan during the India-Pakistan War Resulted in creation of Bangladesh as independent nation. Relations have improved since.

16. India: Relations with China India invaded Tibet 1950 In 1959 China violently put down the revolt and the Dalai Lama was forced to flee to India for safety China took territory from India in 1962 China supported Pakistan in India- Pakistan War

17. Statistics in India 1.22 billion in India – 2 nd largest populated nation in the world. It is 1/7 th of the world’s population of 7.3 billion, around 17%. One million births each month – strains their natural resources

18. India: Lifestyle Family: Large family units live together Arranged marriages. Dating/divorce are rare Male oriented society women submit & obey Recreation: Hockey, cricket, soccer, rugby India makes most the movies in the world Rice, curry, chai tea (many vegetarians) Cows are sacred: No leather in a temple Do not touch women – sign of respect Remove shoes when entering home Bindi – red dot on forehead, lots of jewelry Eat with their hands, women eat after guests, men, and children No backslapping, winking, whistle, or public displays affection