CHAPTER 14 Section 1 TEXAS SECEDES

A NATION DIVIDED Democratic Party Depended on Slavery Opposed higher tariff States should have the right to secede if they vote to do so States Rights Republican Party Stop spread of Slavery End slavery where it already existed Supported higher tariff for Am. businesses

“THE WEDGES OF SEPERATION” A NATION DIVIDED 3

The Presidential Election of

Reaction to Lincoln’s Election Lincoln becomes the 16 th President of the U.S. El.11/06/1860 Of.03/04/1861 5

It Begins in South Carolina 6

Reaction to Lincoln’s Election Lincoln becomes the 16 th President of the U.S. El Of. 03-O4-61 South Carolina is the first state to secede. 12/20/60 7

South Carolina was first, followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana 8

Reaction to Lincoln’s Election Lincoln becomes the 16 th President of the U.S. El Of. 03-O4-61 South Carolina is the first state to secede. 12/20/60 5 states follow Ms. 1/09/61 Fl.1/10/61 Al.1/11/61 Ga.1/19/61 La.1/26/61 9

Reaction to Lincoln’s Election Lincoln becomes the 16 th President of the U.S. El Of. 03-O4-61 South Carolina is the first state to secede. 12/20/60 5 states follow Ms. 1/09/61 Fl.1/10/61 Al.1/11/61 Ga.1/19/61 La.1/26/61 TX legislature approves convention to vote on secession. 01/28/61 10

Texas versus United States 11

Secession Convention Counties for secession Counties against secession No return or unorganized county

How Texans Voted 13

Reaction to Lincoln’s Election Lincoln becomes the 16 th President of the U.S. El Of. 03-O4-61 South Carolina is the first state to secede. 12/20/60 5 states follow Ms. 1/09/61 Fl.1/10/61 Al.1/11/61 Ga.1/19/61 La.1/26/61 TX legislature approves convention to vote on secession. 01/28/61 Texans vote to secede from Union 02/23/61 Seventh State to secede 14

Reaction to Lincoln’s Election Lincoln becomes the 16 th President of the U.S. El Of. 03-O4-61 South Carolina is the first state to secede. 12/20/60 5 states follow Ms. 1/09/61 Fl.1/10/61 Al.1/11/61 Ga.1/19/61 La.1/26/61 TX legislature approves convention to vote on secession. 01/28/61 Texans vote to secede from Union 02/23/61 Seventh State to secede Constitution of 1845 was changed to reflect Texas’ vote 15

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Reaction to Lincoln’s Election Lincoln becomes the 16 th President of the U.S. El Of. 03-O4-61 South Carolina is the first state to secede. 12/20/60 5 states follow Ms. 1/09/61 Fl.1/10/61 Al.1/11/61 Ga.1/19/61 La.1/26/61 TX legislature approves convention to vote on secession. 01/28/61 Texans vote to secede from Union 02/23/61 Seventh State to secede Constitution of 1845 was changed to reflect Texas’s vote Texas was immediately accepted into Confederacy 03/02/

Reaction to Lincoln’s Election Lincoln becomes the 16 th President of the U.S. El Of. 03-O4-61 South Carolina is the first state to secede. 12/20/60 5 states follow Ms. 1/09/61 Fl.1/10/61 Al.1/11/61 Ga.1/19/61 La.1/26/61 TX legislature approves convention to vote on secession. 01/28/61 Texans vote to secede from Union 02/23/61 Seventh State to secede Constitution of 1845 was changed to reflect Texas’s vote Texas was immediately accepted into Confederacy 03/02/1861 Convention required an oath to the Confederacy 18

Reaction to Lincoln’s Election Lincoln becomes the 16 th President of the U.S. El Of. 03-O4-61 South Carolina is the first state to secede. 12/20/60 5 states follow Ms. 1/09/61 Fl.1/10/61 Al.1/11/61 Ga.1/19/61 La.1/26/61 TX legislature approves convention to vote on secession. 01/28/61 Texans vote to secede from Union 02/23/61 Seventh State to secede Constitution of 1845 was changed to reflect Texas’s vote Texas was immediately accepted into Confederacy 03/02/1861 Convention required an oath to the Confederacy Sam Houston refuses to take o ath Refuses U.S. troops 19

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Reaction to Lincoln’s Election Lincoln becomes the 16 th President of the U.S. El Of. 03-O4-61 South Carolina is the first state to secede. 12/20/60 5 states follow Ms. 1/09/61 Fl.1/10/61 Al.1/11/61 Ga.1/19/61 La.1/26/61 TX legislature approves convention to vote on secession. 01/28/61 Texans vote to secede from Union 02/23/61 Seventh State to secede Constitution of 1845 was changed to reflect Texas’s vote Texas was immediately accepted into Confederacy 03/02/1861 Convention required an oath to the Confederacy Sam Houston refuses to take oath Refuses U.S. troops The office of Governor was declared vacant. 21

Reaction to Lincoln’s Election Lincoln becomes the 16 th President of the U.S. El Of. 03-O4-61 South Carolina is the first state to secede. 12/20/60 5 states follow Ms. 1/09/61 Fl.1/10/61 Al.1/11/61 Ga.1/19/61 La.1/26/61 TX legislature approves convention to vote on secession. 01/28/61 Texans vote to secede from Union 02/23/61 Seventh State to secede Constitution of 1845 was changed to reflect Texas’s vote Texas was immediately accepted into Confederacy 03/02/1861 Convention required an oath to the Confederacy Sam Houston refuses to take oath Refuses U.S. troops The office of Governor was declared vacant. 22

Chapter 14 Section 2 Texans Fight for the Confederacy

Organizing the Confederacy 2,700 troop in Texas considered a danger Major General David E. Twiggs surrenders troops and property to Ben McCulloch. 11 Confederate states require the surrender of all U.S. forts and supplies in the south. Fort Sumter in Charleston S.C. first battle in Civil War

Military Strength in Texas ,145 white males age , ,000 served as volunteers. 32 companies = 4,800 men, Hood’s Texas Brigade Lawrence “Sul” Ross, Ben “Frank’ Terry Terry’s Texas Brigade, Ross’s Brigade Robert E. Lee called them “My Texans” The Confederacy imposes a draft.

Military Affairs in Texas Union President, Abraham Lincoln orders a blockade of southern ports to stop shipments of supplies. Galveston island falls to Union forces Confederate General John Magruder launches attack and retakes Galveston Island on January 1,1863.

Military Affairs in Texas (cont.) Sabine Pass- Confederate troops sink two Union ships on the Sabine River September 8 th, Texas needed good news after losses at Gettysburg, and Vicksburg. The last battle of the Civil War was fought at Palmetto Ranch in Texas, May 12 th 1865 (Rip Ford) Confederates won the skirmish but had already lost the war Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses Grant at Appomattox courthouse April 9, 1865

JEFFERSON DAVIS Confederate States of America’s President Served in Army during the Mexican-American War Graduated from West Point Military Academy Married Sarah Knox Taylor (Zachary Taylor’s daughter)

Robert E. Lee Confederate General Graduated WestPoint Military Academy Southern Troops Confederate forces “Johnny Rebs” or Rebel troops during Civil War.

ABRAHAM LINCOLN President of the United States of America Signed Emancipation Proclamation Jan.1 st 1863 Delivered Gettysburg Address

Ulysses S. Grant Lt. Mexican–American War Union Forces Northern Troops “Yankees” or “Yanks” 18th President of U.S. General –Civil War Led the union to victory

A NATION DIVIDED Slavery NORTH SOUTH Tariff State’s Rights Secession 32

A NATION DIVIDED Slavery NORTH SOUTH Counter to Democracy and American ideals Tariff State’s Rights Secession 33 Slave labor was necessary for the economy & the country

Revenue and Protectionist Tariffs Revenue and Protectionist Tariffs 80% of the world's cotton came from the South in Most went to factories in England 34

A NATION DIVIDED Would hurt Foreign Trade Would benefit U.S. industry Slavery Tariff NORTH SOUTH Counter to Democracy and American ideals 35 Slave labor was necessary for the economy & the country

A NATION DIVIDED Would benefit U.S. industry Federal Law applies to all States States should control their destiny Slave labor was necessary Would hurt Foreign Trade Slavery Tariff State’s Rights NORTH SOUTH 36

Can They or Can’t They? 37

A NATION DIVIDED Would benefit U.S. industry Federal Law applies to all States States can not separate from Union States should control their destiny States can separate if they choose Slave labor was necessary Would hurt Foreign Trade Slavery Tariff State’s Rights Secession NORTH SOUTH Counter to Democracy and American ideals 38

U.S.A The Union Yank Yankee Blue Coats Northern Aggression or Southern Rebellion C.S.A Confederacy Johnny Reb. Rebel Grey Coats 39

Union Support in Texas ¼ of Texas supported Union Opposed Confederate draft Peace Party- secret society Vigilantes hung 40 Peace Party supporters German population was split on support Large number of Tejanos supported the Union

Wartime Economy and Hardships Union blockade closed ports, and victories in Mississippi river closed land routes for to the rest of the Confederacy. Texas could get cotton through,farmers had to grow wheat and corn. Women’s roles during war included: farmers,ranchers, plantation owners, post officer workers, store owners,nurses,factory workers and teachers.

Wartime Economy and Hardships Gun factories in Texas produced 800 weapons a month. Items in short supply included: Clothes, shoes, medical supplies, coffee,paper,and sugar Many Texans used herbs instead of medicines for cures.

The War’s End Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses Grant at Appomattox courthouse April 9, 1865