Status of the international FAIR Project Horst Stöcker GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung Hard probes Eilat, October 2010 AustriaIndiaChina Finland FranceGermanyGreeceU KItalyPolandSlovakiaSloveniaSpainSwedenRomaniaRussia Saudi Arabia

100 m UNILAC SIS 18 SIS 100/300 HESR Super FRS NESR CR RESR ESR Construction in modules 1, 2, 3 until 2017 Total cost one B€ (in € 2005) Scientific users: per year Construction Period, Cost, Users 65 % Federal Government of Germany 10 % State of Hessen 25 % Partner Countries  FAIR GmbH with International Shareholders Financing GSI today FAIR facility Beam intensities by factors of Beam energies by a factor 20 Production of antimatter beams Factor in beam brilliance via cooling Efficient parallel operation of programs Gain Factors The Big Challenge... One of the largest fundamental science project worldwide for the next decade!

3 FAIR according to BaselineTechnical Report 2005 Atomic Physics, Plasma Physics and Applications (APPA) heavy ions and antiproton beams of several AGeV to rest 850 users Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) heavy ions beams of 2 to 45 AGeV 500 users anti-Proton ANnihilation at DArmstadt (PANDA) cooled antiprotons up to 15 GeV 500 users Nuclear Structure and Astrophysics Reactions (NUSTAR) rare isotope beams from AGeV to rest 650 users

GSI’s science in FAIR Hadron Structure and Dynamics: SIS18, HADES, and Theory Exotic Nuclei and Nuclear Astrophysics: UNILAC, SIS18, ESR, and Theory Nuclear and Quark Matter: SIS18, HADES, (ALICE), and Theory PANDA CBM NuSTAR Atomic Physics, Plasma- & Applied physics: UNILAC, PHELIX, SIS18, ESR, and Theory APPA

Reinhold Schuch - Perspectives of SPARC, BIOMAT, and FLAIR5 APPA – Collab.s: SPARC, BIOMAT, and FLAIR 110 scientists 28 institutions 28 institutions 12 countries 12 countries BIOMATFLAIR 144 scientists 49 institutions 49 institutions 15 countries 15 countries SPARC 284 scientists 83 institutions 83 institutions 26 countries 26 countries

Biophysics Exposure of matter to relativistic ions and high pressure: phase transitions in mineralogy and geophysics Ion-matter interaction at FAIR Energies: energy-deposition and short-time processes at relativistic projectile velocities Radiation hardness of materials: requirements for accelerator and spacecraft-components Cosmic radiation: the main hindrance toward manned space exploration Widely unknown biological effects of heavy ions A large experimental campaign in space radiation biophysic was started BIOMAT Materials research Full Program at SIS Module 1 Reinhold Schuch - Perspectives of SPARC, BIOMAT, and FLAIR

SPARC Module 1: Relativistic Reinhold Schuch - Perspectives of SPARC, BIOMAT, and FLAIR U Percent of Light Velocity t  0.1 as Explore correlated electron dynamics - on sub-attosecond time-scale - not accessible by other means ”Heisenberg’s dream” shoot out the nucleus, let electron clouds explode Electrical Field World-wide unique for strong interaction with vacuum Multiple Pair Production Recombination with the Vacuum

WDM coll.: Atomic physics in dense environments Unique combination of intense heavy ion beam driven experiments + PHELIX driven diagnostics WDM produced by Intense Heavy Ion Beams and probed by Intense Laser Beams Vladimir Fortov High Power Laser PHELIX

Strongly coupled plasma generated with intense heavy ion beams Relevant for astrophysics, planetary science, material science under extreme conditions Measurements are required for guidance of theoretical models Degeneracy E KIN =kT ≈ E Fermi Strongly coupled plasmas, Γ=E C / E KIN > 1 Temperature [eV] Jupiter Sun Surface Magnetic Fusion solid state density Particle density [cm -3 ] Sun Core SIS 18 Ion Beam Heating SIS 100 Strongly coupled plasmas Ideal plasmas Vladimir Fortov

10 PANDA Top Science for 4 pillars within the Modularized Start Version CBM/HADES NuSTAR APPA

The CBM physics case:  The deconfinement phase transition, the QCD critical endpoint  The equation-of-state at neutron star densities  The in-medium properties of hadrons, hadron mass generation The phase diagram of strongly interacting matter FAIR SIS100 Modules 0,1: SIS100

CBM: Compressed Nuclear and Quark-Gluon Matter  Goal: Create and investigate in the laboratory extreme states of strongly interacting matter.  Joachim Stroth - Nuclear and Quark Matter12 Fundamental questions addressed:  What are the properties of deconfined matter?  Where are the phase boundaries located?  Is there a critical point?  Where are the limits of hadronic existence?

Heavy-ion collisions in transport models UrQMD (Frankfurt)HSD (Giessen) Au+Au collisions up to 11 A GeV (SIS100): exploring properties of dense hadronic (resonance) matter in the vicinity of the phase transition

 Au+Au collision at 10.7 A GeV from UrQMD  Ξ  ρ → e + e -, μ + μ - p, Λ π, K, Λ,... resonance decays The evolution of the fireball CBM/HADES : focus on rare probes with high luminosity and next generation detectors

Dipol magnet The Compressed Baryonic Matter Experiment Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detector Transition Radiation Detectors Resistive Plate Chambers (TOF) Electro- magnetic Calorimeter Silicon Tracking Stations Tracking Detector Muon detection System Projectile Spectator Detector (Calorimeter) Vertex Detector

Exploring strange dimensions for the nuclear chart: Hyperon Clusters

Heavy Flavor Physics at FAIR  How is charm produced at threshold beam energies?  How does charm propagate in cold nuclear matter ? Input to hadronic transport models (HSD): O. Linnyk et al., Nucl. Phys. A786 (2007) 183 p-beam SIS100 First measurement of D-mesons and ψ' in proton-nucleus collisions at threshold energies with CBM at FAIR Modules 0,1

6 J/ψ recorded in events (b=0) (3·10 4 J/ψ per week) 30 GeV p+C → J/ψ +X J/ψ → μ + μ - 30 GeV p+C → D  +X D  → Kππ STS with 10 microstrip stations St.1-2: strip pitch 25 μm, strip length 10 mm St.3-8: strip pitch 60 μm, strip length mm Charm detection with CBM in proton-nucleus collisions

19 PANDA Top Science for 4 pillars within the Modularized Start Version CBM/HADES NuSTAR APPA

Halos Neutron Skins Neutron stars Pygmy Resonance EOS Quest for the limits of existence Halos, Open Quantum Systems, Few Body Correlations Changing shell structure far away from stability Skins, new collective modes, nuclear matter, neutron stars Phases and symmetries of the nuclear many body system Origin of the elements  unified theory (ab-initio, density functional, shell model) 20Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR Nuclear Astrophysics at FAIR

The Super-FRS Central instrument for the NuSTAR program!! 21Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR Two-stage separation yields isotopic nuclear beams Fission Fragmentation I II I High acceptance for projectile fragments and fission products Two-stage separation absolutely needed for clean beams More than one order of magnitude transmission gain relative to FRS

NUSTAR & SuperFRS: exotic astrophysical isotopes 1 GeV/u U, 3x10 11 /s 1GeV/u U + H About 1000 isotopes identified A/Z-resolution ~10 -3

New World Record! 2x10 10 U 27+ Ions/Spiller injection extraction UNILAC/SIS18 Upgrade Programme U , Oct. 15th 9:15 p.m. 50-fold increase! Expect many new isotopes

Hypernuclear landscape with HypHI Known hypernuclei 10 4 /week 10 3 /week With hypernuclear separator Magnetic moments Phase 3 (201X-) at FAIR: Hypernuclear separator Phase 1 ( ) at GSI: Proton rich hypernnuclei Phase 2 (2012-) at R3B/FAIR: Neutron rich hypernuclei Phase 0 (2009) at GSI: Light hypernuclei

25 PANDA Top Science for 4 pillars within the Modularized Start Version CBM/HADES NuSTAR APPA

Rudolf Maier - From COSY to HESR26 HESR with PANDA and Electron Cooler HESR Consortium: Germany (Jülich, GSI), Sweden, Georgia, Poland and Romania HESRCOSY 574 mCircumference184 m 1.5–15 GeVMomentum GeV < 9 GeV/cElectron Cooling<0.5 GeV Full rangeStochastic Cooli GeV HESR COSY Experience: building, operating and developing COSY

27 R&D and Construction of Pellet Target Micro Vertex Detector Central Tracker Luminosity Monitor DIRC Detector EM Calorimeter Planar GEMs Electronics Simulation Physics Infrastructure Computing Physics Book, Technical Design Reports: EMC, Magnets, (Targets, Tracking)

Glueballs Hybrids Multi-quark systems Search for Exotics High precision spectroscopy of charmonium and D-mesons New narrow X,Y, Z states CP-violation (with higher luminosity) Charm in matter Charm Hadrons Baryon excitation spectrum (Double) Hypernuclei Strange and Charm Baryons Timelike form factors Transverse structure functions (Drell Yan) Generalized Distribution Amplitudes (GDA) Electromagnetic Processes PANDA Physics Program 28 QCD Predictions Quark Confinement Heavy-light, Hybrids X,Y,Z Y-N & Y-Y Interaction From Partons to Hadrons

29 PANDA Top Science for 4 pillars within the Modularized Start Version CBM/HADES NuSTAR APPA

30 International scientific evaluation of MSV: 1, 2, 3 – FAiR ! Rosner Board,16th October 2009: 1.The Modularized Start Version, MSV, - is the right way to proceed. 2.The project is well focussed and - is in good shape. => FAIR in Europe GmbH has been founded at Wiesbaden and celebrated at GSI, October 4, 2010

31 Firm Commitments FAIR CountriesTotal declared Contribution (k€) Austria China Finland France Germany ( ) Great Britain Greece India Italy Poland Romania Russia Slovenia Slovakia Spain Sweden Total Firm Commitments not firm for the first batch confirmed by Russia early 2010 ! firm commitment

FAIR Key-Components – Technical Challenges R&D by GSI & Partner Institutes Compact & cost effective accelerators: Fast cycling superconducting magnets: dB/dt ~ 4T/s Fast acceleration: High gradient variable frequency Ferrit & MA loaded cavities Precision beams: Electron & Stochastic Cooling XHV at high beam intensities: Extreme High Vacuum ~ mbar

Road Map FAIR Site & Buildings Handing in of preplanning documents to hbm Clarification of user requirements Modularized Start Version (MSV) Start revised preplanning for MSV Expected approval of revised planning for MSV Preparation of documents for building permit Expected approval for (partial) building permit Start site preparation (clearing trees) Award contracts on civil construction work lot 1 … 4 Completion of civil construction work lot 1 … 4 Start installation of accelerators and detectors First FAIR experiments will start 2017/2018 ! 33

FAIR – Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research Helmholtzzentrum GmbH AustriaIndiaChinaFinnlandFranceGermanyGreeceUKItalyPolandSlovakiaSloveniaSpainSwedenRomaniaRussia Observers GmbH FAIR Full Version D.G. : Boris Sharkov