1. Claudia Höhne GSI Darmstadt
The international Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research FAIR: Challenges and Opportunities
Claudia Höhne
GSI Darmstadt
10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2009)

2. Observers EU Hungary Saudi-Arabia USA Austria India China Finnland
France
Germany
Greece UK
Italy
Poland
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Romania
Russia

3. FAIR accelerator facility
GSI
primary beams
FAIR
1012/s; GeV/u; 238U28+
factor increased intensity
2x1013/s 90 GeV protons
109/s 238U GeV/u (Ni 45 GeV/u)
secondary beams
radioactive beams 0 – 1.5 (2) GeV/u
rare isotopes GeV/u;
factor increased intensity
antiprotons (0) GeV
high intensity frontier!
multi-user facility!
storage and cooler rings
accelerator technical challenges
beams of rare isotopes
e – A Collider (proposal: antiproton - A)
1011 stored and cooled antiprotons
GeV
rapidly cycling superconducting magnets
high energy electron cooling
beam losses

4. Overview on FAIR research topics

5. FAIR research highlights
GSI
FAIR
Rare isotope beams:
nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics
nuclear structure far off stability
nucleosynthesis in stars and supernovae

6. NUSTAR – physics case nuclear structure
underlying QCD structure → complex nucleon-nucleon force
study of exotic short lived nuclei far off stability
(proton/ neutron skins or halos, new magic numbers...)
→ pave way for theoretical framework with predictive power for nuclei beyond experimental reach
astrophysics
origin of the heavy elements?
physics of stellar explosions (core-collapse,
thermonuclear supernovae, nucleosynthesis)
compact objects and the explosions on
their surfaces (x-ray bursts)

7. NUSTAR
Production of intensive rare isotope beams by in-flight projectile
fragmentation/fission (access to short-lived isotopes)
Detailed investigations, large variety of experimental techniques

8. FRS – SuperFRS: intensity gain!
Present FRS
Super-FRS
FAIR: 2/s
FAIR:108/s
FAIR: 65/h
FAIR: 8/s
FAIR:109/s

9. (N)ESR: relativistic exotic ions in storage ring
Masses of more than 1100 nuclides measured
Results: ~ 350 new mass values
~ 300 improved mass values
Mass accuracy
5 ∙10- 8 to 5 ∙10-7
Stable nuclide
Mass not (yet) measured in ESR
Mass measured in ESR
r-, rp-nuclei, which can
be measured in NESR
Single-ion sensitivity keV precision

10. FAIR research highlights
GSI
FAIR
Short-pulse heavy ion beams: plasma physics
matter at high pressure, densities, and temperature
fundamentals of nuclear fusion

11. FAIR research highlights
GSI
FAIR
Atomic physics, FLAIR, and applied research
highly charged atoms
low energy antiprotons
radiobiology

12. FAIR research highlights
GSI
FAIR
Beams of antiprotons: hadron physics
quark-confinement potential
search for gluonic matter and hybrids
nuclon structure, double hypernuclei

13. PANDA – physics case non-perturbative regime of QCD
quark confinement potential
hadron masses » S quark masses
self interaction among gluons
→ research program
hadron physics: charmonium spectroscopy
gluonic excitations: glueballs, hybrids
nuclear physics: open and hidden charm in
nuclear matter, hypernuclei
electromagnetic processes: transverse
structure funtions etc.

14. AntiProton-Proton-ANnihilation in DArmstadt
PANDA
AntiProton-Proton-ANnihilation in DArmstadt
High luminosity mode
Luminosity = 2 x 1032 cm-2s-1
δp/p ~ (stochastic cooling)
High resolution mode
δp/p ~ few (+electron cooling)
Luminosity > 1031 cm-2s-1
Gas-Jet/Pellet/Wire Target

15. PANDA hardware developments
Micro-Vertex Detector
Micro Vertex Detector Electronics
Straw Tube Tracker
DIRC
EMC PWO crystals
LAAPD
FEE

16. Resolution! χc1 Crystal Ball, SLAC E835, Fermilab e+e- interactions:
Only 1-- states are formed
Other states only by secondary decays (moderate mass resolution)
pp reactions:
All states directly formed (very good mass resolution)
3500
3520 MeV
3510
Crystal Ball ev./2 MeV
100
ECM
CBall
E835
χc1
1000
E 835 ev./pb
in addition: beam quality, high resolution detector, redundancy

17. FAIR research highlights
GSI
FAIR
Nucleus-nucleus collisions: compressed baryonic matter
baryonic matter at highest densities (neutron stars)
phase transitions and critical endpoint
in-medium properties of hadrons

18. Physics case of CBM
Compressed Baryonic FAIR – high mB, moderate T:
searching for the landmarks of the QCD phase diagram
first order deconfinement phase transition
chiral phase transition (high baryon densities!)
QCD critical endpoint
in A+A collisions from 2-45 AGeV starting in 2015 (CBM + HADES)
physics program complementary to RHIC, LHC
rare probes! (charm, dileptons)

19. The CBM experiment
Exploration of the QCD phase diagram at highest baryon densities
Experimental focus on rare diagnostic probes
High-rate detectors with free-streaming readout and online event selection

20. CBM hardware developments
NVIDIA GTX 280
240 core GPU
RPC
GEM
fast on-line event selection using many-core architectures (CELL, LRB, GPUs)
high-rate large-area
semiconductive glass
high-rate large-area
radiation-hard
double-sided silicon microstrip detectors
TRD
Readout ASICs for RPC Time-of-flight system: 25 ps time resolution
high-density front end boards
high-rate large-area
Data Acquisition System
throughput 500 MB/s/node
Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors
self-triggering
read-out chip
128 ch, 32 MHz
RICH
glass mirror

21. CBM experimental challenges
Measurements with rates up to
107 Au+Au reactions/sec require:
extremely fast and radiation hard detectors
free-streaming readout electronics
high-speed online event selection
CPU&GPU – PetaFlops / M€
FAIR GSI
Central Au+Au collision at 25 AGeV
Up to 1000 charged particles in central Au+Au
UrQMD + GEANT4
Larrabee
NVIDIA GTX 280
Fast track reconstruction algorithms running on graphic processing units:
speed 46 ns / track
track reconstruction efficiency > 96%
momentum resolution Δp/p < 1.5% speed
240 core GPU

22. FAIR research highlights
GSI
FAIR
Accelerator physics
high intensive heavy ion beams
dynamical vacuum
rapidly cycling superconducting magnets
high energy electron cooling
parallel operation of up to 4-5 programs

23. Accelerator Developments
Beam quality:
Electron & Stochastic Cooling
Compact & efficient acceleator design:
Rapidly cycling sc magnets: dB/dt ~ 4T/s
Fast ramping:
Frequency variable ferrite or MA loaded resonators
XHV ~10-12 mbar

24. International contributions to FAIR accelerators
WBS 2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
3.0
HEBT
Super FRS CR
NESR
p-linac
SIS100
pbar-target
RESR
HESR
SIS300 ER
Com. Sys.
Civ. Constr.
TS-2
Magnets
Bend
Quad
Sextupoles
Multipoles
Other
TS-3
Power Converter
Power Convertger
TS-4
RF-System RF
TS-5
Inj/Extraction
Inj/Extr.
TS-6
Diagnostics
TS-7
Vacuum
TS-8
Part. Sources
EZR
Linac
TS-9
ECOOL
TS-10
St. Cooling
St. Cool
TS-11
Special inst.
Special
TS-12
Local Cryo
Refrigerator
TS-14
Common System
Controls/Interfaces
Quench Detection
Magnet QC
Alignment
El. Power
EoIs still missing from

25. FAIR accelerator systems (schedule)
Overall schedule (FAIR accelerator sections) 25

26. Accelerator R&D
Design and construction of superconducting prototype magnets in collaboration with external partners and industry.
SIS100 challenge: fast ramping superconducting magnets
SIS300 challenge: superconducting curved coils with 300 Tm bending power
SIS100 superferric dipole prototype
SIS100 superferric quadrupole prototype 26 26

27. R&D on dipole magnets for SIS30027

28. Largest fundamental science project worldwide for the next decade!
The BIG challenge
Beam intensities by factors of
Beam energies by a factor 20
Production of antimatter beams
Factor in beam brilliance via cooling
Efficient parallel operation of programs
Gain Factors
GSI today
Future facility
SIS 100/300
SIS 18
UNILAC
Largest fundamental science project worldwide for the next decade!
Construction in three phases until 2016
Total cost 1.2 B€
Scientific users: per year
Construction Period, Cost, Users
ESR
HESR
Super
FRS
65 % Federal Government of Germany
10 % State of Hessen
25 % Partner Countries FAIR GmbH w. International Shareholders
Financing CR
RESR
100 m
NESR

30. Radioactive Ion Beam Programme
Anti Proton Beam Programme
Plasma Physics Beam Programme
Relat. Ion Beam Programme

31. Super-FRS
Super-FRS technological challenges: Extreme radiation hardness requirements
Target for U /100ns
746°C
Beam catcher
Remotely
controlled
Assembly and
operation and
servicing
Superferric Quadrupole-Multipletts
Radiation resistant
superconducting cable

32. 1GeV/u U + H About 1000 isotopes identified
A/Z-resolution ~10-3
1 GeV/u U, 3x1011/s
Hier sehen Sie das erste fertiggestellte Bauteil für den Super-FRS, das Targetrad.
Es ist aus Graphit hergestellt, wird rotieren (ähnlich wie das Targetrad am SHIP) und im wesentlichen durch Strahlung gekühlt.
Es besteht aus konzentrischen Ringen unterschiedlicher Dicke im Bereich von g/cm.
Dieses eher unscheinbare Targetrad ist aber nicht nur das erste Bauteil des Super-FRS, sondern es ist auch einer der wenigen Plätze im Universum, wo r-Kerne erzeugt werden können, und das macht es so besonders, deswegen zeige ich es Ihnen hier!
Daß das nicht alles pure Phantasie und Zukunftsmusik ist, was ich Ihnen hier erzähle, will ich Ihnen im folgenden zeigen. Denn zum Glück haben wir ja schon unsere Pilotanlage und sind damit in der glücklichen Lage.....Querschnitte usw. Trigger für n-reiche Kerne, hochauflösende Impulsmessungen, Spaltkinematik,......