1. The FAIR Project Physics Programme of FAIR CBM PANDA NUSTAR
Pixel Detectors at FAIR Joachim Stroth, Univ. Frankfurt/GSI April 2008, Ringberg
The FAIR Project
Physics Programme of FAIR
CBM
PANDA
NUSTAR

2. J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
FAIR = International Accelerator Facility 'next' to GSI
Germany Hessen
Austria
Finland
India
China
Romania
Slovenia
Poland
Russia
Spain
Sweden UK
Shares not yet defined
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J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

3. FAIR Research Highlights
QCD-Phase Diagram: Nuclear & QGP Matter (CBM)
HI beams 2 to 45 GeV/u; ca. 390 users
SIS 100/300
GSI today
Future facility
Hadron Structure, QCD-Vacuum and Medium (PANDA)
Stored and cooled antiprotons up to 15 GeV/c, ca. 520 users
SIS 18
UNILAC
Physics of Dense Bulk Plasmas
Ion-beam bunch compression & high-energy petawatt-laser; ca. 250 users
100 m
CBM
ESR
Rare-Isotope
Production Target
Antiproton
Super
FRS
Fundamental Symmetries & Ultra-High EM Fields
Antiprotons and highly stripped ions; ca. 250 users
HESR
PP / AP
Nuclear Structure & Nuclear Astrophysics (NUSTAR)
RI beams from high-energy fragmentation; ca. 700 users
Materials Science and Radiation Biology, etc.
(Ion & antiproton(?) beams; ca. 350 users
FLAIR
RESR CR
Accelerator Physics
High intensity beams,beam cooling, beam compression
NESR
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J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

4. Hadron and Nuclear Matter Physics at FAIR
FAIR will provide intense beams of
stored and cooled antiprotons,
slowly extracted heavy ions,
and, due to the storage and stretcher ring concept, a
a high degree of parallel running!
Two general purpose experiments will operate at interaction rates of up to 20 (10) MHz.
New detector concept:
Self triggered detectors/read-out systems with time stamping.
Highly-parallel read-out and real-time feature extraction for higher level event selection.
CBM – Nuclear Matter Physics
PANDA – Hadron Physics
9/20/2018
J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

5. J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008
Radioactive Ion Beam Programme
Anti Proton Beam Programme
Plasma Physics Beam Programme
Relat. Ion Beam Programme
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J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

6. Strategy and Realization
Beam intensities by factors of
Beam energies by a factor 20
Production of antimatter beams
Factor in beam brilliance via cooling
Efficient parallel operation of programs
Gain Factors
GSI today
Future facility
SIS 100/300
SIS 18
UNILAC
Construction in three phases until 2016
Total cost 1.2 B€
Scientific users: per year
Construction Period, Cost, Users
ESR
HESR
Super
FRS
65 % Federal Government of Germany
10 % State of Hessen
25 % Partner Countries  FAIR GmbH with International Shareholders
Financing CR
RESR
100 m
NESR
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J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

7. J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008
FAIR Start Event: November 7, 2007
A splendid perspective and eminent challenge !
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J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

8. J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008
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J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

9. J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008
The Compressed Baryonic Matter Experiment CBM
High rate, large acceptance detector system
Excellent particle identification
High-resolution tracking in a compact dipol field right after the target (Silicon)
Flexible arragement of PID detectors and calorimeters
High bandwidth DAQ with high level event selection
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J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

10. The Physics Program of CBM
Deconfinement phase transition at high B
excitation function and flow of strangeness (K, , , , )
excitation function and flow of charm (J/ψ, ψ', D0, D, c)
melting of J/ψ and ψ'
QCD critical endpoint
excitation function of event-by-event fluctuations (K/π,...)
The equation-of-state at high B
collective flow of hadrons
particle production at threshold energies (open charm?)
Onset of chiral symmetry restoration at high B
in-medium modifications of hadrons (,, e+e-(μ+μ-), D)
9/20/2018
J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

11. Particle Production in HI Collisions (Transport Calculation)
GSI
FAIR
as indicated in the beginning: in medium modifications not only measured in light-vector mesons but also D‘s!
[W. Cassing, E. Bratkovskaya, A. Sibirtsev, Nucl. Phys. A 691 (2001) 745]
9/20/2018
J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

12. (Preliminary) Requirements CBM Micro Vertex Detector
Excellent secondary vertex resolution (~50 µm) in a environment of up to 1000 charged tracks
Excellent spatial resolution (~5 µm)
Very low material budget (few 0.1 % X0)
Detectors in vacuum
A good time resolution to minimize event pile-up:
~ 10 µs (Phase 1)
< 1 µs (Ultimate)
Very good radiation tolerance
> 1013 neq / cm² / year (beginning)
> 1015 neq / cm² / year (ultimate)
Central Au + Au collision (25 AGeV)
9/20/2018
J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

13. Open Charm Measurements
Performance studies open charm reconstruction
Most challenging case for the spectrometer
Cooling represents substantial fraction of the material budget.of the MVD
Trade read-out speed vs. sensitivity (S/B).
< 0.5 X0 per layer essential
9/20/2018
J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

14. J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008
Radiation Level
Primary Beam: 25 AGeV Au Ions (up to 109/s)
Primary
vertex
Secondary
Detector 1
Detector2
Target
(Gold) z mm
Dose [neq / cm2 / coll. ]
BEAM
δ- electrons
produced in the target
Bulk damage by non-ionizing radiation dominating
Cryogenic operation
up to 1014 neq/cm²/year
Replace MVD after each run?
9/20/2018
J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

15. A MAPS based MVD for CBM: Demonstrator
Artistic view on the CBM-MVD
S. Belogurov et. al
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J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

16. Running Scenario for Open Charm
Phase 1: Exploratory measurements (starting 2015):
Beam intensity 1 – 10% of nominal value
Measurements at high beam energies (high cross sections)
Measure bulk properties and low-mass vector mesons
Collective properties difficult to address (low statistics)
In reach of “conventional” detector technology: CMOS-MAPS
=> Innovations may help
Phase 2 (Ultimate):
Full Beam intensity (107 Au+Au AGeV)
Address low beam energies (sub threshold production?)
Collect high statistics
Requires novel pixel detector technology: 3D-VLSI?
9/20/2018
J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

17. Reconstruction of the Low-mass Electron Pair Signal
Goal
Excitaion function of excess yield from 1 to 45 AGeV
Challenge
Background due to material budget of the STS
Sufficient p discrimination (missidentification <10-4)
Reduction of background by reconstructing pairs from g-conversion and p-Dalitz decay
Identified e+e-
(central 25 AGeV Au+Au)
After all cuts applied
(central 25 AGeV Au+Au)
Track Segment
Identified e+/-
Track Fragment
Fake pair
8 per Au+Au event
3 per Au+Au event (central, 25 AGeV)
9/20/2018
J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

18. J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008
The Silicon Tracking Station of CBM
1 T dipole magnet
8 tracking stations
microstrip detectors: thin, passive, high spatial resolution
double-sided detectors (default)
single-sided detectors in 16 stations: under study
1 m
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J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

19. J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008
Silicon Tracking Station for CBM (R&D)
New "Technology wafer" under production at CIS: Focus on radiation hardness.
Micro-strip detector prototype CBM01, GSI-CIS (2007).
Charge, Strip ” k”
Charge, Strip “k+1”
First CBM01 detector tests @ KINR.
Detector test board under production at GSI.
Detector design & technology characterization, MSU Moscow.
Analog readout cable, first pre-prototype. SE SRTIIE Kharkov.
55 cm long, 1024 lines, 100 µm pitch
14 µm Al on 10 µm Kapton
CBM xyter FE chip based on n-xyter.
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J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

20. J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008
9/20/2018
J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

21. J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008
The Physics Program of PANDA
Meson spectroscopy
light mesons
charmonium
exotic states
glueballs
hybrids
molecules/multiquarks
open charm
Baryon/antibaryon production
Charm in nuclei
Double L Hypernuclei
Time-like electromagnetic form factors of the proton
Generalized Parton Distributions 2 4 6 8 12 15 10
p Momentum [GeV/c]
Mass [GeV/c2] 1 3 5 ΛΛ ΣΣ ΞΞ
ΛcΛc
ΣcΣc
ΞcΞc
ΩcΩc ΩΩ DD
DsDs
qqqq
ccqq
nng,ssg
ccg
ggg,gg
light qq
π,ρ,ω,f2,K,K* cc
J/ψ, ηc, χcJ
ggg
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J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

22. Layout of the PANDA Pixel Barrel
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J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

23. Simulated doses in the PANDA MVD
Slightly relaxed requirements compared to CBM
neq/cm2
_1014
_1013
_1012
pp at 10 GeV/c
pPb at 4.05 GeV/c
9/20/2018
J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

24. Material Budget PANDA MVD
~700mm Si (equiv.) per pixel layer
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J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

25. PANDA MVD Prototyping (Torino group)
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J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

26. EXl Silicon Recoil Detector (ESPA)
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J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008

27. Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams
RIB
Reactions in complete kinematics
Target Recoil Detector
High Resolution measurement
Target
Tracker
Calorimeter
Neutrons
Protons
Heavy
fragments
Large
acceptance
dipole
9/20/2018
J.Stroth, 3D-Integration, Ringberg 2008