1. Status and Perspectives for the NuSTAR collaboration Reiner Krücken Physik Department E12 Technische Universität München

2. Status and Perspectives for the NuSTAR collaboration Modularized Start Version of FAIR NuSTAR science with Modules 0-1-2-3 What is missing? Conclusions

3. FAIR Modularized Start Version Significant cost increases in civil construction and site development cost (  Germany pays additional 95 M€ for site specific costs) Modularized Start Version of FAIR A defined in White Paper Draft –Module 0: Heavy-Ion Synchrotron SIS100 –Module 1: Experiment hall at SIS100 for beam diagnostics, HADES/CBM, APPA, and detector calibration. –Module 2: Super-FRS for NUSTAR including all three branches and the energy buncher –Module 3: Antiproton facility for PANDA (LINAC; target, CR, HESR) and CR also for NuSTAR –Module 4: LEB cave, NESR storage ring for NUSTAR und APPA, FLAIR building, cave for APPA –Module 5: RESR storage ring for a higher beam intensity for PANDA and parallel operation with NUSTAR Cost 0-1-2-3: 1.027 M€ (2005) using updated civil construction cost and cost book values (CB 5.0) for accelerators Accepted available funds amount to 1.039 M€ (2005) –another 62 M€ not firm + 12 M€ from Saudi Arabia (new partner) Construction schedule foresees first experiments 2016/17

4. FAIR Modularized Start Version Cost: 1027 M€ Available: 1039 M€ 104 M€ 19 M€ Modules 4 and 5 will be implemented as additional funds become available!  Remember the 84 M€ not accounted for, but more funds certainly needed!

5. Implementation Scenario for NuSTAR Experiments in Modules 0-3 R3B DESPEC at MF-4 ?? HISPEC At MF-4 or R3B target position?? MATS & LASPEC behind R3B or in LEB tunnel?? ILIMA in CR YESTERDAY

6. NuSTAR Experiments Modules 0-3 ILIMA Isochronous mode shortest-lived nuclei limited precision R3B full capability DESPEC full capability HISPEC full capability MATS & LASPEC full capability Delays possible for EXL in NESR (Module 4) ILIMA in NESR (Module 4) ELISe (FAIR B) (+ building for energy buncher) TODAY

7. NuSTAR science within Modules 0-1-2-3 R 3 B: reaction studies at the highest energies in complete kinematics  full R 3 B programme will be accessible (world-wide unique) –few body correlations at and beyond the drip-lines in break-up reactions (halo nuclei, open quantum systems) –dipole response below and above the particle threshold using Coulomb excitation and breakup (Pygmy response, neutron skins, neutron matter properties, EOS) –Evolution of shell structure and single-particle occupancies using knock-out and quasi-free scattering experiments (tensor force, shell quenching) –Nuclear dynamics in fission and the symmetry energy at supra- saturation density in fragmentation reactions (large scale collective motion EOS) –Measurement of (gamma,n) reaction rates for r-process nuclei (origin of the heavy element)

8. NuSTAR science within Modules 0-1-2-3 DESPEC: decay spectroscopy using gamma-ray and neutron spectroscopy following isomeric or beta-decay of very exotic nuclei Experiments with production rates between 1000 per second and 1 per hour possible (  farthest reach towards the drip lines) –Measurement of absolute Gamow Teller strength values –Investigations of 100 Sn and nuclei along/beyond the proton dripline –Structure of nuclei in heavy r-process region –Measurement of g-factors of isomeric states and half lives of very short isomers

9. NuSTAR science within Modules 0-1-2-3 HISPEC: high resolution in-flight gamma-spectroscopy (HISPEC with AGATA) –Probing the evolution of nuclear shell structure in very n-rich medium-heavy nuclei using Coulomb-excitation, knock-out, and secondary fragmentation –Probing the evolution of nuclear collectivity far from stability using Coulomb-excitation, lifetime and g-factor measurements

10. NuSTAR science within Modules 0-1-2-3 MATS and LASPEC: precision masses, ground-state moments short-lived nuclei and refractory elements not available with ISOL using ion-traps and laser spectroscopy after gas-stopping cell

11. NuSTAR science within Modules 0-1-2-3 ILIMA in CR: direct mass measurements of nuclei with half-lives in the millisecond region (most exotic, r-process) half-life experiments on highly-charged exotic ions studies of long-lived isomeric states. Highlight: Half-lives and masses of r-process nuclei responsible for the A~195 abundance mass peak

12. What is missing? NESR ILIMA: precise masses and half-lives of many nuclei unique decay modes ELISe: Elastic and inelastic electron scattering (charge distributions, giant resonances) EXL: Elastic scattering and low-q reactions (matter distributions, monople resonances, capture reactions, trnasfer, knock-out) Experiments with stored electron cooled ion beams World-wide unique Conceptionaly new AIC: Antiproton anihilation on nuclear surface (neutron skin thickness)

13. Conclusions Modules 0-1-2-3 of FAIR will allow for unique, exciting, and world-unique experiments Modularized FAIR start version is an essential step towards establishing the FAIR GmbH However: NuSTAR experimental programme will bring to fruition only a fraction of its full potential  Need for NESR with world-wide unique experimental  Need RESR for availability of parallel beams at FAIR  Need SIS300 for full multi-user capabilities and maximum efficiency of FAIR facility  We need to continue to work towards the full FAIR facility!!  Continue to work on TDRs for NuSTAR experiments  Continue a vigorous program at GSI FRS and ESR

14. The way forward After founding of FAIR GmbH –full review of all design details needed to optimize facility layout –secure more funds !! (74 M€ not firm, new partners?) –Time line: approx 1.5 years until building construction can start –SIS18 beams from Super-FRS (before SIS100) seems possible  time for careful planning on how to move forward with LEB, EXL Keep focus on: –realization of the full NuSTAR facility –performing excellent physics at GSI/FRS/ESR and the FAIR start version Need work on NuSTAR MoU and Money Matrices

15. The Low-Energy Branch

17. Actions between August and today STI, AFI, ISC made recommendation to go ahead with descoped FAIR start version (Modules 0-3) to allow project start within available budget. Full FAIR project remains the clear goal. Modules 4, 5 and FAIR B will be constructed as funds become available. FAIR collaborations asked for statements on physics program and for possible cost reductions within Modules 1-3 NuSTAR made largest contribution (24 M€) by offering to move Low-Energy- Branch of Super-FRS and Energy Buncher to Module 4 (Building for LEB Experiments was already in Module 4) Additional German funds of 110 M€ for site specific costs announced STI discussed new costs and White Paper on Sept. 11 White Paper revised and Integrated Document on Physics Opportunities drafted by Sept. 25 Next: –Evaluation of scientific and technical merit of Modularized Start Version (  16.10.) –Evaluation Results discussed in meetings of STI, AFI, ISC in October  hopefully ISC will recommend to go ahead with founding FAIR GmbH