STIs STIs are diseases and infections which are capable of being spread from person to person through: STIs are diseases and infections which are capable of being spread from person to person through: – sexual intercourse –oral-genital contact –IV drug use

Symptoms What are the symptoms? How would I know if I have been infected? Sores (either painful or painless) Sores (either painful or painless) Blood in urine Blood in urine Burning sensation when urinating Burning sensation when urinating Rashes Rashes Itching Itching Bumps Bumps Warts Warts Unusual discharge Unusual discharge

How well do you know the 63 people you had sex with last night?

Chlamydia Four million new cases occur each year Four million new cases occur each year SYMPTOMS: fever, weight loss for no reason, swollen glands, fatigue, diarrhea, white spots on the mouth. SYMPTOMS: fever, weight loss for no reason, swollen glands, fatigue, diarrhea, white spots on the mouth. FEMALE SYMPTOMS: Vaginal discharge (white or grey) or burning with urination Lower abdominal pain Bleeding between menstrual periods. Low-grade fever (later symptom)

Chlamydia MALE SYMPTOMS: Discharge from the penis and/or burning when urinating Burning and itching around the opening of the penis Pain and swelling in the testicles Low –grade fever (associated with epididymis – inflammation of the testicles)

Chlamydia Testing for Chlamydia involves collecting a small amount of fluid from the infected site Testing for Chlamydia involves collecting a small amount of fluid from the infected site Many people don’t have symptoms – 60-80% of women and 50% of men for Chlamydia: Many people don’t have symptoms – 60-80% of women and 50% of men for Chlamydia: If left untreated can cause permanent damage to reproductive organs. This could cause chronic pain and infertility If left untreated can cause permanent damage to reproductive organs. This could cause chronic pain and infertility Can spread to the eye from touching an infected area and then touching the eye Can spread to the eye from touching an infected area and then touching the eye

Gonorrhea Also called the clap, drip, or a dose Also called the clap, drip, or a dose Each year approximately 650,000 people in the U.S. are infected with gonorrhea Each year approximately 650,000 people in the U.S. are infected with gonorrhea People get gonorrhea from close sexual contact (anal sex, oral sex., and vaginal). People get gonorrhea from close sexual contact (anal sex, oral sex., and vaginal). Gonorrhea can also be spread from mother to child during birth. Gonorrhea can also be spread from mother to child during birth. Gonorrhea infection can spread to other unlikely parts of the body Gonorrhea infection can spread to other unlikely parts of the body

Gonorrhea

General Symptoms of Gonorrhea Appear 5-7 days or can take up to 30 days to appear Appear 5-7 days or can take up to 30 days to appear sore or red throat if you have gonorrhea in the throat from oral sex sore or red throat if you have gonorrhea in the throat from oral sex rectal pain rectal pain blood and pus in bowel movements if you have gonorrhea in the rectum from anal sex. blood and pus in bowel movements if you have gonorrhea in the rectum from anal sex.

FEMALE SYMPTOMS: FEMALE SYMPTOMS: Symptoms may show up 2-21 days after having sex Symptoms may show up 2-21 days after having sex May notice a yellow or white discharge from the vagina May notice a yellow or white discharge from the vagina May be a burning or pain when urinating May be a burning or pain when urinating Bleeding between periods Bleeding between periods Heavier and more painful periods Heavier and more painful periods Cramps or pain in the lower abdomen, sometimes with nausea or fever Cramps or pain in the lower abdomen, sometimes with nausea or feverGonorrhea

MALE SYMPTOMS: Yellow or white drip/discharge from penis Yellow or white drip/discharge from penis Burning or pain when urinating Burning or pain when urinating Frequent urinating Frequent urinating Swollen testicles Swollen testicles Gonorrhea

Treatment: Antibiotics – if left untreated it can cause permanent damage and make both men and women infertile Antibiotics – if left untreated it can cause permanent damage and make both men and women infertile Gonorrhea

Herpes Over 20 million people have herpes Over 20 million people have herpes There is no cure – once infected…you are infected for life There is no cure – once infected…you are infected for life Transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex, especially from unprotected sex when infected skin touches the vaginal, or anal area Transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex, especially from unprotected sex when infected skin touches the vaginal, or anal area “outbreaks” of blisters and ulcers. “outbreaks” of blisters and ulcers. Stress, bruising, chaffing, or a woman’s period may cause an “flare up” of the disease. Stress, bruising, chaffing, or a woman’s period may cause an “flare up” of the disease.

Herpes Symptoms usually show 2-20 days after contact. Symptoms usually show 2-20 days after contact. Someone with herpes would first notice itching or pain, followed by sores that appear a few hours to a few days later Someone with herpes would first notice itching or pain, followed by sores that appear a few hours to a few days later Sores may appear on the vagina, penis, scrotum, buttocks, or anus start as red bumps and soon turn into red watery blisters. Sores may appear on the vagina, penis, scrotum, buttocks, or anus start as red bumps and soon turn into red watery blisters. Sores may open up, ooze fluid, or bleed and then heal within next 2-4 weeks Sores may open up, ooze fluid, or bleed and then heal within next 2-4 weeks A pregnant woman can pass Herpes to her baby during delivery – complications would be mental or physical damage if the baby survives A pregnant woman can pass Herpes to her baby during delivery – complications would be mental or physical damage if the baby survives

Herpes

Genital Warts Growths that appear on the vagina or penis, near the anus, and sometimes in the throat. Growths that appear on the vagina or penis, near the anus, and sometimes in the throat. They are caused by a virus (HPV) They are caused by a virus (HPV) The virus that causes genital warts is spread by vaginal or anal intercourse and by oral sex. The virus that causes genital warts is spread by vaginal or anal intercourse and by oral sex. Approximately 5.5 million new cases of sexually transmitted HPV (one third of all new STDs) occur in the U.S. each year, with at least 20 million people currently infected. Approximately 5.5 million new cases of sexually transmitted HPV (one third of all new STDs) occur in the U.S. each year, with at least 20 million people currently infected.

Genital Warts Warts may appear within several weeks after sex with a person who has HPV; or they may take months or years to appear; or they may never appear. Warts may appear within several weeks after sex with a person who has HPV; or they may take months or years to appear; or they may never appear. They “live” in the infected person’s cells They “live” in the infected person’s cells A person can be infected and pass on the virus without knowing it. A person can be infected and pass on the virus without knowing it. Three out of four Americans between the ages of 15 and 49 have been infected with genital HPV in their lifetimes. Three out of four Americans between the ages of 15 and 49 have been infected with genital HPV in their lifetimes.

Genital Warts Warts can be removed – through liquid, surgically removing them and freezing them off Warts can be removed – through liquid, surgically removing them and freezing them off If a virus hides it is called a latent virus If a virus hides it is called a latent virus

Symptoms Usually the warts look like tiny cauliflowers, but sometimes they are flat. Usually the warts look like tiny cauliflowers, but sometimes they are flat. The warts may cause itching, burning and some pain, but often don’t cause any pain at all. The warts may cause itching, burning and some pain, but often don’t cause any pain at all. Warts may be inside the vagina or on the cervix, or in the rectum or throat, so you might not notice them. Warts may be inside the vagina or on the cervix, or in the rectum or throat, so you might not notice them. They might also be so small that you cannot see them. They might also be so small that you cannot see them.

Pubic Lice = Crabs Pubic lice are called “crabs” because they look like crabs. Pubic lice are called “crabs” because they look like crabs. Found in pubic hair, under arms, eyelashes, moustaches. Found in pubic hair, under arms, eyelashes, moustaches. Spread through direct physical contact. Close body contact with an infected person. Spread through direct physical contact. Close body contact with an infected person. Occasionally spread through using someone else’s infested clothing, towels, bedding and sometimes toilet seats Occasionally spread through using someone else’s infested clothing, towels, bedding and sometimes toilet seats SYMPTOMS: intense itching in the genital, rectal (sexual) area. SYMPTOMS: intense itching in the genital, rectal (sexual) area.

Pubic Lice = Crabs Treatment includes an a lice killing liquid called Triple X. Treatment includes an a lice killing liquid called Triple X. Crabs need a host to live because they suck blood from their host, but they can survive for a little while away from a host. Crabs need a host to live because they suck blood from their host, but they can survive for a little while away from a host. Away from a host, crabs can survive 1-2 days Away from a host, crabs can survive 1-2 days

Crabs – under microscope

Syphilis The long range effects can be very serious, including death. In the United States, an estimated 70,000 new cases of syphilis in adults passed from person to person through direct contact with a syphilis sore - not from a toilet seat

Syphilis Sores mainly occur on the external genitalia, vagina, anus, or rectum. Sores can also occur on the lips and in the mouth. Transmission of the organism occurs during vaginal, anal, or oral sex.

Symptoms – Stage 1 Symptoms usually appear days after contact. An infected person gets a sore (chancre), which may be painful at the point of contact (mouth, anus, rectum, throat or the sex organ). The chancre is usually firm, round, small, and painless. It appears at the spot where the bacterium entered the body. The chancre lasts 1-5 weeks and heals on its own. This will disappear on its own, but may last 4-6 weeks. In the female, the chancre is often internal and cannot be seen.

Syphilis – 1 st Stage

Secondary Stage lasts 3-6 weeks. After the chancre comes a copper-colored skin rash which may appear on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, or in more severe cases covers the entire body. The rash may be accompanied by fever, headaches, indigestion, loss of appetite, or loss of hair in spots over the scalp.

Third Stage – Latent Period All symptoms disappear so that the victim thinks he/she is cured. If not received treatment the bacterium remains in the body and begins to damage the internal organs including the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones, and joints.

Fourth Stage - Tertiary The results of the internal damage from the 3rd stage shows up many years later. Ten, twenty, even thirty years after the initial infection - sudden heart attack, failure of vision, loss of motor coordination or mental disturbances.

Syphilis Can be cured if caught early – treated with antibiotics Can not be cured in later stages

HIV There are two main ways you get AIDS: Vaginal, oral, anal sex Sharing drug needles and syringes Can also spread through blood or from mother to baby

HIV AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HIV is the virus that causes AIDS There is no cure Some initial symptoms include swollen lymph glands, fever, night sweats, severe fatigue and weight loss Result of HIV infection is the destruction of the immune system

MYTHS OF STDs True or False 1. Most people with an STD experience painful symptoms. 2. Birth control pills prevent the spread of STDs. 3. Abstinence is the best way to prevent STDs. 4. If you get an STD once, and are treated, you can’t get it again. 5. A person does not need to see a doctor if she/he notices scores on his/her genitals once, but then they go away. 6. Condoms help prevent the spread of STDs

Myth: Only “trashy” people get STDs   Fact: STDs don’t discriminate Rich people get STDs. Poor people get them. Athletes get them. Math geeks get them. CEOs and professors get them. Even someone having sex for the first time can get an STD. The only people who have no risk of getting an STD are people who haven't had sex or any kind of sexual contact.

Myth: If someone has an STD, you'll see it.   Fact: There's often no sign that a person has an STD. Even doctors often can't tell by looking if people have STDs. So they need to do tests, like blood work. People with STDs might not know they have them: STDs don't always cause symptoms. But it is possible to carry and spread the virus without ever having an outbreak. Untreated STDs can add up to serious health problems.

Myth: You can avoid STDs by having oral or anal sex.   Fact: Where there's sex (oral, anal, vaginal, or even just sexual contact), there can be STDs. The viruses or bacteria that cause STDs can enter the body through tiny cuts or tears in the mouth and anus, as well as the genitals. Some STDs, like herpes or genital warts, can spread just through skin-to-skin contact with an infected area or sore.

Myth: Once you've had an STD, there's no chance of getting it again.   Fact: You can get some STDs more than just once. Some STDs are yours for life, like herpes and HIV. Others, like chlamydia and gonorrhea, can be treated, but you may get infected again if you have sexual contact with someone who has them.

Answers to Myths Card The only people with no risk of an STD are those that haven’t had sex or any kind of sexual contact Doctors need to do tests for STDs because you often times can’t see them Infertility is the inability to have a baby Herpes and genital warts spread through skin to skin contact with an infected area or sore STDS that are yours for life are herpes and HIV

Risky Behavior  Unprotected sex  Using the same condom twice  Sharing needles

Some Risk  Reusing a bleached needle  Bite from an HIV infected person  Breast feeding by an HIV infected mother

No Risk  Massage  Holding hands  Living with an HIV infected person