FIRST AID- RESPONDING TO AN EMERGENCY CHAPTER 1,2,3

IF NOT YOU… WHO? AN EMERGENCY IS A SITUATION DEMANDING IMMEDIATE ACTION AN EMERGENCY CAN HAPPEN AT ANY PLACE, TO ANYONE, AND AT ANY TIME BASIC FIRST AID- IMMEDIATE CARE GIVEN TO A VICTIM OF AN INJURY OR SUDDEN ILLNESS UNTIL MORE ADVANCED CARE CAN BE OBTAINED

TYPES OF EMERGENCIES SUDDEN ILLNESS- A PHYSICAL CONDITION REQUIRING IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION HEART ATTACK OR A SEVERE ALLERGIC REACTION INJURY- DAMAGE THAT OCCURS WHEN THE BODY IS SUBJECTED TO AN EXTERNAL FORCE, SUCH AS A BLOW, A FALL, A COLLISION, AN ELECTRICAL CURRENT OR TEMPERATURE EXTREMES LIFE-THREATENING- AN ILLNESS OR INJURY THAT IMPAIRS A VICTIM’S ABILITY TO CIRCULATE OXYGENATED BLOOD TO ALL PARTS OF THE BODY NON-LIFE-THREATENING- A SITUATION THAT DOES NOT HAVE AN IMMEDIATE IMPACT ON A VICTIM’S ABILITY TO CIRCULATE OXYGENATED BLOOD BUT STILL REQUIRES MEDICAL ATTENTION

THE EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES (EMS) SYSTEM THE EMS SYSTEM- A NETWORK OF COMMUNITY RESOURCES AND MEDICAL PERSONNEL THAT PROVIDES EMERGENCY CARE TO VICTIMS OF INJURY OR SUDDEN ILLNESS CITIZEN RESPONDER EMS CALL TALKER/ DISPATCHER FIRST RESPONDER EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIANS (EMT)- AMBULANCE HOSPITAL REHABILITATION CITIZEN RESPONDER- (YOU) A PERSON WHO RECOGNIZES AN EMERGENCY AND DECIDES TO ACT CALLS AND GIVES CARE UNTIL MEDICAL HELP ARRIVES

RECOGNIZING EMERGENCIES THE ABILITY TO RECOGNIZE THAT AN EMERGENCY HAS OCCURRED IS THE FIRST STEP TOWARD TAKING APPROPRIATE ACTION UNUSUAL NOISES UNUSUAL SIGHTS UNUSUAL ODORS UNUSUAL APPEARANCE OR BEHAVIOR DECIDING TO ACT CALLING IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ACTION YOU CAN TAKE EARLY ARRIVAL OF EMS INCREASES THE VICTIM’S CHANCES OF SURVIVING A LIFE-THREATENING EMERGENCY

EMERGENCY ACTION STEPS THREE BASIC STEPS YOU SHOULD TAKE IN ANY EMERGENCY CHECK THE SCENE AND THE VICTIM CALL CARE FOR THE VICTIM

CHECK CHECKING THE SCENE IS THE SCENE SAFE? WHAT HAPPENED? HOW MANY VICTIMS ARE THERE? ARE BYSTANDERS AVAILABLE TO HELP? CHECKING THE VICTIM DO NOT MOVE THE VICTIM UNLESS THEY ARE IN IMMEDIATE DANGER IS THE VICTIM: UNCONSCIOUS HAVING TROUBLE BREATHING SHOWING SIGNS OF LIFE- NORMAL BREATHING OR MOVEMENT (ABC CHECK) AIRWAYS, BREATHING, CIRCULATION BLEEDING SEVERELY

DR. ABC TO CHECKING CONSCIOUSNESS- RESPONSIVENESS, TAP AND ASK ARE YOU OK? SHOUT FOR HELP, AED, CALL 911 AIRWAY- CHECK IF BREATHING – DO NOT MOVE NECK BREATHING- LOOK, LISTEN AND FEEL FOR AIR, IF NOT BREATHING GIVE 30 COMPRESSIONS QUICKLY, THEN TWO RESCUE BREATHS CIRCULATION- CHECK FOR EXTERNAL BLEEDING

CONSCIOUS VICTIM INTERVIEW CHECK VITAL SIGNS-PULSE, BREATHING, SKIN HEAD TO TOE EXAMINATION PROVIDE CARE: NO FURTHER HARM KEEP COMFY MAINTAIN TEMP MONITOR ABC’S REASSURE

CALL SHOULD BE CALLED IF THE VICTIM IS: UNCONSCIOUS, HAS TROUBLE BREATHING, CHEST DISCOMFORT, BLEEDING SEVERELY OR IF THERE IS A FIRE/EXPLOSION, PRESENCE OF POISONOUS GAS, RISING WATER, A COLLISION, DOWNED ELECTRICAL WIRES WHEN YOU CALL YOUR CALL WITH BE AUTOMATICALLY ROUTED TO THE POLICE, FIRE, OR EMS SYSTEM BE READY TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS EXACT LOCATION OF EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBER CALLING FROM CALLER’S NAME WHAT HAPPENED NUMBER OF PEOPLE INVOLVED CONDITION OF VICTIMS THE CARE BEING GIVEN

CARE CONSENT- PERMISSION TO GIVE CARE, GIVEN BY THE VICTIM TO THE RESCUER TELL WHO YOU ARE YOUR LEVEL OF TRAINING THE CARE YOU WOULD LIKE TO GIVE A CONSCIOUS PERSON HAS THE RIGHT TO REFUSE OR ACCEPT CARE DONOT GIVE CARE TO A CONSCIOUS VICTIM WHO REFUSES IT, BUT YOU SHOULD STILL CALL IF A VICTIM IS UNCONSCIOUS OR UNABLE TO RESPOND DUE TO THE ILLNESS OR INJURY THEN CONSENT IS IMPLIED IMPLIED CONSENT- LEGAL CONCEPT THAT ASSUMES A PERSON WOULD CONSENT TO RECEIVE EMERGENCY CARE IF THEY WERE ABLE TO DO SO ALWAYS CARE FOR LIFE THREATENING CONDITIONS BEFORE THOSE THAT ARE NOT WATCH FOR CHANGES IN THE VICTIMS LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND BREATHING HELP THE VICTIM FEEL COMFORTABLE

GOOD SAMARITAN LAWS LAWS THAT PROTECT PEOPLE WHO WILLINGLY GIVE FIRST AID WITHOUT ACCEPTING ANYTHING IN RETURN THIS LEGAL IMMUNITY PROTECTS YOU, AS A CITIZEN RESPONDER FROM BEING SUED AND FOUND FINANCIALLY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE VICTIM’S INJURY THEY WERE ENACTED TO ENCOURAGE PEOPLE TO HELP OTHERS IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS THEY REQUIRE THAT THE “GOOD SAMARITAN” RESPONDER USE COMMON SENSE AND REASONABLE LEVEL OF SKILL

IF YOU ARE ALONE CALL FIRST- SITUATIONS THAT ARE LIKELY TO BE CARDIAC EMERGENCIES WHERE TIME IS CRITICAL CARE FIRST- SITUATIONS THAT ARE LIKELY TO BREATHING EMERGENCIES OR THAT WILL PROVIDE 2 MINUTES OF CARE UNTIL HELP ARRIVES ALWAYS FOLLOW THE PRE-ARRIVAL INSTRUCTIONS PROVIDED BY THE CALL TAKER THESE INSTRUCTIONS MAY RANGE FROM TAKING ACTIONS THAT MAKE THE SCENE SAFE AND MORE ACCESSIBLE TO EMS PERSONNEL TO GIVING MORE ADVANCED CARE

WHY NOT ACT? BARRIERS TO ACTION- REASONS FOR NOT ACTING OR FOR HESITATING TO ACT IN AN EMERGENCY SITUATION THE PRESENCE OF BYSTANDERS UNCERTAINTY ABOUT THE VICTIM THE NATURE OF THE INJURY OR ILLNESS FEAR OF DISEASE OR TRANSMISSION FEAR OF NOT KNOWING WHAT TO DO OR OF DOING SOMETHING WRONG BEING UNSURE WHEN TO CALL 9-1-1

PREVENTING DISEASE TRANSMISSION DIRECT CONTACT TRANSMISSION- OCCURS WHEN INFECTED BLOOD OR BODY FLUIDS FROM ONE PERSON ENTER ANOTHER PERSON’S BODY OPEN ENTRY SITE INDIRECT CONTACT TRANSMISSION- OCCURS WHEN A PERSON TOUCHES OBJECTS THAT HAVE THE BLOOD OR BODY FLUID OF AN INFECTED PERSON, AND ENTERS THE BODY STANDARD PRECAUTIONS- SAFETY MEASURES TAKEN TO PREVENT EXPOSURE TO BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS WHEN GIVING CARE TO ILL OR INJURED PEOPLE PERSONAL HYGIENE, USING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND EQUIPMENT FOR CLEANING AND DISINFECTING CONTAMINATED SURFACES

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT DISPOSABLE GLOVES (SINGLE USE) REMOVE JEWELRY COVER ANY CUTS, SCRAPES, OR SORES WEAR PROTECTIVE COVERING LIKE A FACE MASK OR EYEWEAR USE BREATHING BARRIERS IF YOU ARE EXPOSED WASH THE EXPOSED AREA AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE NOTIFY A POLICE OFFICER OR PROFESSIONAL TO SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION

EMERGENCY MOVES WALKING ASSISTING PACK-STRAP CARRY TWO PERSON SEAT CARRY CLOTHES DRAG

PREPARING FOR EMERGENCIES KEEP IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT YOU AND YOUR FAMILY OR HOUSEHOLD IN A HANDY PLACE KEEP MEDICAL INSURANCE RECORDS UP TO DATE KNOW ALL EMERGENCY PHONE NUMBERS LOCAL POLICE, FIRE, OR EMS SYSTEM POISON CONTROL TEACH CHILDREN HOW TO CALL FOR HELP KEEP A FIRST AID KIT AVAILABLE IN YOUR HOME, AUTOMOBILE, WORK PLACE AND RECREATIONAL CENTER LEARN FIRST AID AND CPR SKILLS MAKE SURE YOUR HOUSE NUMBER IS EASY TO READ WEAR A MEDICAL ID BRACELET IF YOU HAVE A POTENTIALLY SERIOUS MEDICAL CONDITION

WHAT TO HAVE IN A FIRST AID KIT

ACCIDENT PREVENTION IS IT POSSIBLE TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS? NO HORSING AROUND FOLLOW RULES AND INSTRUCTIONS DO NOT PLAY GAMES OR OPERATE MACHINERY WHILE UNDER THE INFLUENCE WEAR PROTECTIVE GEAR/SEATBELTS STAY OFF PHONES WHILE DRIVING KEEP FLOORS CLEAN AND DRY