The Byzantine Empire, Christianity, Russia, Islam, and the Mongols

JudaismChristianity (Catholic) Islam Descendents of Abraham-Isaac Descendents of Abraham-Ishmael Torah (Old Testament) Abraham to Moses 10 Commandments Old Testament New Testament (Bible) Life of Jesus Christ Salvation-Apostles Old Testament New Testament Quran Life of Mohammad 5 Pillars of Islam Birth of New Religions—Middle East

Laws were passed to put to death those who professed belief in Jesus by the Romans The method of execution - sporting events Christianity begins during the Roman Empire

Islamic Empire Faith -Allah--Muhammad Daily prayer - 5x towards Mecca Charity - Alms Fasting during the Ramadan Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) AD 570 – Muhammad followers called Muslims Desert nomads (Bedouins) conquered by Muhammad spread religion Basic Duties: Five Pillars

Considered sacred word of God Final authority in all matters Complete guide for life Holy Book: Quran/Koran

Ban against presenting symbols of God Elaborate decoration and architecture in mosques(House of worship) The building on the right is the “Dome of the Rock” Arts

Two Branches of Islam Sunnis Wanted to elect the Caliphs Shi’ah/Shiite Caliph descendant of Muhammad’s daughter

Rome Divided (Diocletian) Western Roman Empire Byzantine Empire Falls to Barbarians Germanic Tribes Thrives for another 900 yrs.

adopts and legalizes Christianity--Roman Empire The Church--example of moral authority Loyalty to church more important than the Emperor Emperor Constantine

Old Greek Seaport Bosporus Strait—connecting—Black Sea and the Mediterranean Controlled trade route between Europe and Asia Byzantine Empire

Constantine renamed Byzantium to Constantinople (rich, beautiful, and majestic- The City)--known an Istanbul today

Justinian Almost destroyed Rome--regain control Justinian Code of Laws (Roman Laws) “Corpus Juris Civilis”--Body of Civil Law Influenced Western Europe Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom) --Church

CatholicEastern Orthodox Head of the ChurchPopePatriarch ClergyAll members of the clergy could not marry Priest can marry Languages of the church LatinGreek ExcommunicationExcommunicate eastern world— breaking the sacraments Stopped using Icons for a while – against the 10 commandments Split within Christianity

Hagia Sophia– arched dome cathedral Icons– religious pictures (Jesus) Mosaics– marbles tiles

INFLUENCE OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE ON RUSSIA Adopted: -Eastern Orthodox religion -Byzantine Art & Architecture St Cyril -- Greek monk -Created alphabet for Slavs -Russian(Cyrillic) alphabet

Mongol Conquest In the early 1200s, Mongol armies (Golden Horde), led by Genghis Khan, conquered Russia—Kubla Khan ruled the largest Empire The Mongols ruled Russia for 240 years Opened trade routes (China and Eastern Europe) Absolute power of the Mongols served as a model for later Russian rulers. Ivan the Great and Ivan the Terrible centralized power and recovered Russian territories

Test Your Knowledge

What Roman Emperor converted to Christianity? A. DiocletianB. Pilate C. JustinianD. Constantine

What religion did Christianity break away from? A. Judaism B. Islam C. Mythology D. Hinduism

What language did the Roman Catholic Church use ? A. Romanesque B. French C. Greek D. Latin

What does the eastern part of the Roman Empire become known as? A. The Ottoman Empire B. The Byzantine Empire C. The Arabic D. Eastern Europe

What is Constantinople known as today? A. Istanbul B. Baghdad C. Damascus D. Bulgaria

Many arguments erupt in the Catholic Church and the Byzantine Empire starts it’s own church. What is the name of this church? A. Lutheran Church B. Anglican Church C. Eastern Orthodox Church D. Byzantine Church

Who was responsible for Code of Laws in the Byzantine Empire? A. ConstantineB. Justinian C. DiocletianD. Theodora

What is this religious picture also called? A. IconB. Mosaic C. RelicD. Gothic

How long did the Mongols rule Russia? A. 10 years B. 240 years C. 500 years D. 1 year

Which of the following beliefs is held by Muslims, Jews, and Christians? A. Belief in reincarnation B. Belief in Jesus as the messiah C. Belief in one God D. Belief in Muhammad

The Split between Sunni and Shi’ah/Shiite Muslims began with the disagreement over A. The choice of a caliph B. A belief in one God C. Acceptance of the Quran D. The required pilgrimage to Mecca

According to the Five Pillars of Islam, every Muslim must A. Read the Bible B. Give Alms C. Believe in many gods D. Obey official priests

Who is the Prophet of Islam? A. Muhammad B. Akbar C. Al-Khwarizmi D. Babur

The Islamic Holy Book is the A. Torah B. New Testament C. Quran D. Vedas