Erikson’s Theory of Psycho-Social Development  Erikson believed one’s personality develops in stages  Focuses on the impact of social experiences  Each stage presents a conflict one must work through  Either develop a quality or fail to develop a quality  You cannot solve the crisis. That is dependent upon other people

Stage 1: Trust vs Mistrust  Occurs between birth and 1 year  Most fundamental stage  Development of trust is totally dependent on quality of caregivers  Good caregivers = Trust = feelings of safety & security  Inconsistent, unavailable caregivers = Mistrust = fear & belief that world is unpredictable

Stage 2: Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt  Takes place during Early Childhood  Focused on developing sense of personal control  Vital part of stage: Potty Training  Other key events: choosing food, toys, & clothes  Success: children are secure & confident  Failure: sense of inadequacy, self-doubt

Stage 3: Initiative vs Guilt  Preschool Years  Start asserting power & control by directing play and social interactions  Success: feel capable of leading others, confidence  Failure: sense of guilt, self-doubt and lack of initiative

Stage 4: Industry vs Inferiority  Age 5-11  Social interactions help kids feel a sense of pride in their accomplishments and abilities  Success in this stage comes from having supportive, encouraging parents, teachers, & peers.  Receiving little or no encouragement from parents, teachers, or peers will cause kids to doubt their ability to be successful

Stage 5: Identity vs Confusion  Adolescence  It is necessary to receive encouragement for personal exploration of beliefs & desires for success in this stage  Success = strong sense of self & independence  Failure = insecurity & confusion about themselves and the future

Stage 6: Intimacy & Isolation  Early adulthood  Focuses on when people develop personal relationships  Erikson believed it was vital that people develop close, committed relationships with other people.  Success = relationships that are committed and secure.  Success in Stage 5 is CRUCIAL to success in Stage 6

Stage 7: Generativity vs Stagnation  Adulthood, as people being to build their lives  Family, career, stability  Important to stay involved & feel a level of progression  Success = feel they are contributing to the world, active in the community & their home  Failure = feel unproductive, uninvolved in the world

Stage 8: Integrity vs Despair  Old Age  Success or failure is very much dependent upon earlier stages  Success = proud of life accomplishments, have few regrets, continue to gain wisdom and experiences as they approach death  Failure = feeling their life was wasted, develop bitterness & regret

How will I ever remember all of these stages?!  nic+device nic+device

Identity Crisis  What is an identity crisis?  What stage would it occur in?  James Marcia’s 4 Identity Statuses