Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 MYP Title: Which Way Should We GO? Unit Question: Why is Power Important Concept Statement: The Culture with Power controls the nature of the Exchange Key Concept: Global Interaction Section 3: Thomas Jefferson’s years as president Major Historical Figures – Sec 3 1.Thomas Jefferson – Leader of the Democratic Republican Party (Wrote the “Declaration of Independence”), developed “States Rights Theory”, 3 rd President of the US 2. Aaron Burr – Vice-President for Jefferson, killed Hamilton 3.John Marshall – Chief Justice of Supreme Court, created Judicial Review 4.Meriwether Lewis & William Clark - Explored Louisiana Purchase 5. Sacajawea - Guide and translator for Lewis & Clark 6. York – Clark’s slave, who help the explorers survive

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 2: Federalist against Democratic-Republicans Maps For Unit 3- World Map

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 2: Federalist against Democratic-Republicans Maps For Unit 1- East Coast of America

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 3: Thomas Jefferson’s years as president Section Question: As a US citizen in 1809 as Jefferson left office do you feel he was a good president or not? – Have two facts about Jefferson’s presidency and have two reasons explaining how the facts were good or bad for the United States.

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 3: Thomas Jefferson’s years as president How did the tie in the 1800 presidential election get decided? Jefferson beats Adams 73 electoral votes to 64 electoral votes Aaron Burr, the man the D-R wanted for V.P. tied Jefferson with 73 votes The 12 th Amendment to the “Constitution” separated the ballots so this wouldn’t happen again The Federalist Party led by Alexander Hamilton controlled the Congress It was up to the Congress to vote and Break the tie between Jefferson and Burr Hamilton as party Whip (Leader) decided to support Jefferson and ran a smear campaign (said really bad things) against Burr so he wouldn’t get any votes. With Hamilton’s support Jefferson won

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 3: Thomas Jefferson’s years as president How did the tie in the 1800 presidential election get decided? How did Adams react to losing the election of 1800? Burr never forgave Hamilton, he challenged him to a duel and killed him Right before he lost his power as president, John Adams appointed a group of Federalist to the Supreme Court to limit the power of the D-R, that had taken control of the executive and legislative branches

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 3: Thomas Jefferson’s years as president How did Adams react to losing the election of 1800? How did the court case Marbury v. Madison create Judicial Review? Adams named John Marshall, a 44 year old hard-liner Federalist with little schooling, to be Chief Justice (Leader of Supreme Court) Adams chose Marshall because he was a Federalist and would be around for a long time Chief Justice Marshall served for 35 years The most important thing Marshall did was preside over Marbury v. Madison (1803) In this court case the Supreme Court declared the Congress had passed an unconstitutional law and revoked it

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 3: Thomas Jefferson’s years as president How did the court case Marbury v. Madison create Judicial Review? This established JUDICIAL REVIEW and gave the Supreme Court the final say in approving all new legislation (Laws) and interpreting the “Constitution” How does Judicial Review make the Supreme Court the “Last Fortress” of Constitutional Government?

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 3: Thomas Jefferson’s years as president What were Jefferson’s primary goals as president? Jefferson spent his time in office attacking all the Federalist Programs He ended the Alien & Sedition Acts He lowered taxes and tariffs, stopping the whiskey tax He reduced the sized of the government and military to cut government spending Paid off the National debt

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 3: Thomas Jefferson’s years as president What was the Louisiana Purchase? In 1800 France gained control of Spain’s lands in North America when Napoleon Bonaparte (Emperor of France) beat Spain in a war This ended the Pinckney Treaty The US needed to use the Mississippi and land west to the Rocky Mountains Napoleon and France needed money to continue their war on England and Russia Jefferson offered France $15 million dollars for all the land from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains (This doubled the size of the United States) Behind the offer was a threat that if France didn’t take the deal the US would join England in the war Napoleon took the deal

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 3: Thomas Jefferson’s years as president All this for $15 Million! How do you think we got Florida and North Dakota?

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 3: Thomas Jefferson’s years as president What was the Louisiana Purchase? The Federalist were angry because the US Constitution does not give the Federal Government the power to buy land, so Jefferson had to use the “Elastic Clause” to buy Louisiana Spain dancing, because they think they will get paid for Florida France, stinging US for $ for Louisiana Jefferson throwing up $ for Louisiana Why is it strange that the Federalist were so angry that Jefferson used the Elastic Clause to buy Louisiana?

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 3: Thomas Jefferson’s years as president Why was the Lewis & Clark expedition so important to the US? Jefferson sent Army officer Meriwether Lewis & his friend William Clark (mapmaker & pioneer) to explore and map the new territory They explored from St. Louis- Missouri to the Pacific Ocean in Oregon They made many contact with Native American Tribes They received much help from a Shoshone Native Woman, Sacajawea, who worked for them as a guide and translator Clark’s slave, York, was the first African American many Natives has seen. He helped the explorers gain the support of the Natives Lewis, Clark, and Sacajawea

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 3: Thomas Jefferson’s years as president Why was the Lewis & Clark expedition so important to the US? With the new maps and information about the west many American pioneers headed into the Louisiana Territories to start homesteads (small self-sufficient farms)

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 3: Thomas Jefferson’s years as president How was the Embargo Act such big mistake by Jefferson? In 1803 England and France (still at war) both began to capture neutral US trade ships and steal their cargo To get sailors for their war against France, England would stop US ships and Impress US sailors for the massive English Navy Outraged Jefferson passed a law to stop all trade with England and France This was the Embargo Act of Embargo (To stop trade with another country for political reasons) Jefferson thought this would convince England and France to leave US ships alone England and France both beating and robbing US

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 3: Thomas Jefferson’s years as president How was the Embargo Act such big mistake by Jefferson? The embargo did little to hurt England or France, but it crushed the economy of the US which was dependent on foreign trade This cause an economic depression in the US Many Americans returned to smuggling as they had done before the American Revolution in protest The Embargo was ended in the last days of Jefferson’s presidency