Chapter 2 Matter and Change 2.1 Properties of Matter 2.2 Mixtures 2.3 Elements and Compounds 2.4 Chemical Reactions Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .

State (solid, liquid, gas) Color Melting point Hardness Conductivity Describing Matter Physical Property – characteristic that can be observed or measured WITHOUT changing a substance’s composition Examples: State (solid, liquid, gas) Color Melting point Hardness Conductivity Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .

Mass - amount of matter an object contains Describing Matter Mass - amount of matter an object contains Volume - space occupied by an object Density – ratio of the mass of an object to volume Density = mass / volume Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .

Physical Properties Intensive Properties Extensive Properties Depend on the type of matter in a sample. Does NOT depend on the amount. Examples: Density Temperature Depend on the amount of matter in a sample. Examples: Mass Volume Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .

Classify as Extensive or Intensive Mass Melting Point Color Volume Boiling Point Concentration Length Freezing Point Temperature Density Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .

Physical Properties Intensive Properties Extensive Properties Depend on the type of matter in a sample. Does NOT depend on the amount. Examples: Density Temperature Melting & Freezing Points Boiling Point Concentration Depend on the amount of matter in a sample. Examples: Mass Volume Length Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .

Identifying a Substance Describing Matter Identifying a Substance Substance - Matter that has a uniform and definite composition Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .

Physical Properties of Some Substances Interpret Data Physical Properties of Some Substances Substance State Color Melting point (°C) Boiling point (°C) Neon Gas Colorless –249 –246 Oxygen –218 –183 Chlorine Greenish-yellow –101 –34 Ethanol Liquid –117 78 Mercury Silvery-white –39 357 Bromine Reddish-brown –7 59 Water 100 Sulfur Solid Yellow 115 445 Sodium chloride White 801 1413 Gold 1064 2856 Copper Reddish-yellow 1084 2562 The states of the substances are given at room temperature. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .

States of Matter What are three states of matter? States of Matter Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .

Solids Definite shape and volume. States of Matter Solids Definite shape and volume. Shape does NOT depend on shape of container. Particles packed tightly together. Almost incompressible. Expand only slightly when heated. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .

Liquids Particles close together, but NOT rigid or orderly. Flow. States of Matter Liquids Particles close together, but NOT rigid or orderly. Flow. Indefinite shape. Takes the shape of its container because particles are free to flow. Volume is fixed. Almost incompressible. Expand slightly when heated. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .

Takes both the shape and volume of its container. States of Matter Gases Takes both the shape and volume of its container. Particles are far apart. Easily compressed. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .

END OF 2.1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .