1. Chapter 2 Matter and Change 2.1 Properties of Matter 2.2 Mixtures
2.3 Elements and Compounds
2.4 Chemical Reactions
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2. State (solid, liquid, gas) Color Melting point Hardness Conductivity
Describing Matter
Physical Property – characteristic that can be observed or measured WITHOUT changing a substance’s composition
Examples:
State (solid, liquid, gas)
Color
Melting point
Hardness
Conductivity
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3. Physical Properties Intensive Properties Extensive Properties
Depend on the type of matter in a sample. Does NOT depend on the amount.
Examples:
Density
Temperature
Melting & Freezing Points
Boiling Point
Concentration
Depend on the amount of matter in a sample.
Examples:
Mass
Volume
Length
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4. Identifying a Substance
Describing Matter
Identifying a Substance
Substance - Matter that has a uniform and definite composition
We can use intensive properties to identify a substance because every sample of a substance has identical intensive properties.
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5. Physical Properties of Some Substances
Interpret Data
Physical Properties of Some Substances
Substance
State
Color
Melting point (°C)
Boiling point (°C)
Neon
Gas
Colorless
–249
–246
Oxygen
–218
–183
Chlorine
Greenish-yellow
–101
–34
Ethanol
Liquid
–117 78
Mercury
Silvery-white
–39
357
Bromine
Reddish-brown –7 59
Water
100
Sulfur
Solid
Yellow
115
445
Sodium chloride
White
801
1413
Gold
1064
2856
Copper
Reddish-yellow
1084
2562
The states of the substances are given at room temperature.
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6. States of Matter
Copper Video
Copper Price Trend
Value of a Penny
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7. State of Matter Depends on: Kinetic Energy – movement of particles
States of Matter
State of Matter Depends on:
Kinetic Energy – movement of particles
(temperature)
Intermolecular Forces – forces between molecules
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8. Solids Definite shape and volume.
States of Matter
Solids
Definite shape and volume.
Shape does NOT depend on shape of container.
Particles packed
tightly together.
Almost incompressible.
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9. Liquids Particles close together, but NOT rigid or orderly.
States of Matter
Liquids
Particles close together, but NOT rigid or orderly.
Indefinite shape because
particles are free to flow.
Volume is fixed.
Almost incompressible.
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10. Takes shape and volume of container. Particles are far apart.
States of Matter
Gases
Takes shape and volume of container.
Particles are far apart.
Easily compressed.
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11. Phase changes (boil, freeze, melt, etc.)
States of Matter
Physical Change
Properties of a material changes, but the composition of the material does not change.
Examples:
Phase changes (boil, freeze, melt, etc.)
Size changes (cutting, grinding, filing, etc.)
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12. END OF 2.1
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