6/12/20161 Media as an a presentation tool. Arlinah I.R Petra Christian University August ‘ 2008

6/12/20162 Contents 1. Instructional Media : what and why ? 2.Types of Media 3.Things to consider in Choosing Media for teaching 4. Design tips 5. Presentation tips

6/12/ What is Presentation Media ? Message Media presentation Methods v V SOURCE: Heinich, Robert. Instructional Media.

6/12/20164 Why using Media? convinced 43 % (UNIV OF MINNESOTA) Study Results 200 % (UNIV OF WISCONSIN) Memory 38 % (HARVARD & COLUMBIA) Time to explain complex subjects 25 – 40 % (WHARTON SCHOOL OF BUSINESS) SOURCE: Peoples, David A. Presentations plus

6/12/20165 Why Using Media? Words Diagram Maps Flat pictures Slides Stereographs Films Models Objects Total situation concreteness SOURCE: Heinich, Robert. Instructional Media. Hoban & Zissman : Relation between Media and degree of Realism from Media

6/12/20166 Direct purposeful experiments Contrived experiments Dramatized experiments demonstrations Field trips exhibits television Motion pictures Recordings, radio, still pictures Visual symbols Verbal symbols abstract iconic enactive Dale’s Cone of Experience SOURCE: Heinich, Robert. Instructional Media Jerome Bruner’ s “Theory of Instruction” : learning starts from direct/real learning experiences (enactive) -> representative experiences (ionic) -> symbol (abstract)

6/12/20167 o Increasing understanding, focus, memory, stimulation (visualization of concept: abstract -> concrete ) o Emphasizing important points o Bringing the world into meeting place o Efficiency in presentation o more interesting (humor, pictures )->interest/intrinsic motivation Why Using Media?

6/12/20168 Why Using Media?  More prepared, more professional  communication anytime from anywhere  Encouraging/stimulating independent learning, communication, people responses/feedbacks  Easy documentation  Etc.

6/12/ Types of Media  Economical (materials, preparation)  informal environment, flexible arrangement of seats  “real time” presentation  Interactive, participative, spontaneous  Easy to change contents  Needs Lighting  Needs skills to write/draw  Difficult to save  less Eye contacts  small groups 1. Display Format : board, Flipchart

6/12/ Types of Media  informal/flexible seat arrangement  “real time” presentation  Interactive, participative, spontaneous  light on  eye contact  group -> individual learning  relatively expensive (object)  small group  relatively difficult to change/restructured 2. Non Projected Visual : print, picture, chart, Model, real object

6/12/ Types of Media  Relatively economical (material, preparation  Small -> large group  “real time” preparation/presentation  Interactive, participative, spontaneous  Light on  Easy to prepare, carry, save, control, reuse, print,  Eye -contact  Relatively expensive (tools)  Need skills to operate 3. Projected Visuals: Transparan cy

6/12/ Types of Media Small group ->large Real pictures reusable controlled Group learning -> individual  lights off  unchangeable  Relatively expensive (tools)  Need skills to operate/make  One way/not interactive 4. Projected Visuals: Slide, Film-strip, film

6/12/ Types of Media  small group ->large  Interactive, participative, spontaneous  lights on  group learning ->individual learning  sounds  controlled  fixed seat arrangement (lab) unchangeable Relatively expensive (tools) Need skills to operate /make 5. Audio : cassette, CD, audio tape, recordings

6/12/ Types of Media  Lights on (except film)  Real world  Small group-> large  prepared  Group learning ->individual  Sound, picture, movement (entertaining)  Relatively expensive  Needs skills to operate/to make  unchangeable  One way/not interactive 6. Video/Films: Film, Video, VCD, DVD

6/12/ Types of Media Lights on Real world large group-> large Group learning ->individual Sound, picture, movement  Current information  Relatively expensive  Lack of eye-contacts  One way/not interactive Not available anytime Uncontrolled/unchangeable 7. Electronic Distribution systems: Radio, Television

6/12/ Types of Media  Changeable/renewable  Texts, pictures, sound, animation  easy to keep/carry  Hyperlink  Interactive (internet, CAD)  Limitless access (internet-based)  Group learning _> individual  Relatively expensive  Needs skills to make/operate  Internet access 8. Computer- based Media: Power Point, , Millis, Web-based, CAD, Video- teleconference

6/12/ Types of Media Changeable/renewable Texts, pictures, sound, animation easy to keep/carry Hyperlink (CD-Rom) Interactive (internet, CAD, CD-Rom) Limitless access (internet-based) Group learning _> individual Relatively expensive Needs skills to make/operate Internet access 9. Multimedia : Sound-Slides, CD-Rom, internet

6/12/ Things to consider in choosing Media Objectives (awareness, comprehension, mastery of cognitive, analysis, application, psychomotor, affective ) participants (age, education level, learning styles, skills) Setting arrangement (number of students, location, seats) atmosphere (informal, formal etc.) resources (equipments, budget, time) instructors (skills, experiences, presentation styles, methods)

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6/12/ Design Tips Clear (readable, systematic ) Short, simple Consistent (term, layout, font size, font type, color, icon) Esthetics

6/12/ Design Tips : Esthetics 1-2 font type in 1 page Font type: Times Roman; Ariel Font Size :24’ (as much as possible) Not all words using capital letters Using unfinished sentences Using active sentences Principle of 7x7 (words in a line x lines in a page ) Text

6/12/ Design Tips : Esthetics Color 2-3 in a page background: white, light color text: black, dark different color to emphasize, differentiate, create emotion etc.

6/12/ Design Tips : Esthetics Composition/ layout  not crowded  unity  systematic  1 page -> 1 topic  picture not > 3 (small) per page  background not mixed with texts  pictures arrangement

6/12/ Design Tips : Pictures Arrangement

6/12/ Design Tips : Pictures Arrangement 41%20% 25%14%

6/12/ Presentation Tips : strong area

6/12/ Presentation Tips : Posture Position

6/12/ Presentation Tips :Body Movement 1 2 3

6/12/ Reference Fox, Robert. Universities In Knowledge-Based Economies: The Challenge for Change. The 1 st International Conference on Fox, Robert. Universities In Knowledge-Based Economies: The Challenge for Change. The 1 st International Conference on Capacity Building for Information Technology in Teaching and Learning. Hongkong, June 1- 4, Heinich, Robert. Instructional Media: and The New Technologies of Instruction. New York: Macmillan, 1990 Peoples, David A. Presentations Plus. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1992 Table: Media Selection Examples

6/12/ A good aid is like a window, it should not call attention to itself, it should just let in the light.