Protest & Change

America in the 1960s By the 1960s, the United States had experienced major changes: – Economic prosperity, a rapid growth of suburbs, a baby boom, & increased college enrollment – Nuclear threats in the Cold War & a controversial war in Vietnam – Assassinations of political leaders, a growing poverty gap, & tensions over civil rights for black Americans

The Youth Revolt in the 1960s One of the most visible changes was protest among the nation’s youth The generation gap between kids & their parents was the widest of any previous era in history Kids in the 1960s…missed the Great Depression & patriotism of World War II …were the most educated generation; 75% graduated high school & 40% graduated college …rejected their parents’ expectations & looked to find personal fulfillment

Rise of the Youth Movement The New Left – Young people who were concerned that a small wealthy elite controlled politics and that wealth was unfairly divided. Students for a Democratic Society – Called for an end to apathy. – Urged citizens to stop accepting a country run by big corporations and big gov’t. – Led the free speech movement.

Counter Culture counter-culture Another impact of the 1960s youth movement was the emergence of a social counter-culture hippies love & peace While the “New Left” tried to improve America through protest, “hippies” tried to create their own society based on love & peace Flower powerhippie fashion Flower power & hippie fashion

The Counterculture Hippies rejected rationality, order, and traditional middle class values. – They wanted to build a utopia that was freer, closer to nature, and full of love, empathy, tolerance, and cooperation. – Newcomers do not understand hippie values but did show the outward signs that defied the movement. Many hippies lived together in communes. – San Francisco’s Haight-Ashbury district was the most famous commune.

Counter Culture Counter culture in the 1960s was represented by: Sex, Drugs, Rock ‘n’ roll Music in the 1960s & 70s included: Folk music R&B Electric rock Acid rock

Counter Culture For many in the counter culture, living in “normal” society was unacceptable The Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco was the epicenter of counter culture Many hippies created self-sustaining communes where all property shared

America in the 1960s Both the New Left protest & hippie culture were visible in the 1960s, but neither represented the majority of Americans But, the success of the civil rights movement & anti-Vietnam protest by the New Left inspired other groups to demand change Black Power Red Power Brown Power Pink Power Green Power Yellow Power Rainbow PowerRainbow PowerRainbow PowerRainbow Power

Power Movement Poster Directions In your groups, make a poster to represent your group. Post needs to be visually appealing (color, illustrated, organized) (10 points) Grammar and spelling (5 points) Outside sources included (at least one outside source) (5 points) Things to include: – Why the movement started and the goal of the movement (10 points) – At least two big leaders of the movement (and explanation of who they are) (10 points) – The major events listed on the powerpoint or from your research for your movement (10 points)

Black Power …embracing African culture & black pride (“Black is beautiful”)

Black Power …creating economic opportunities through black nationalism (Black-owned businesses) & militant action to protect African Americans Stokely Carmichael Black Panthers The leading “Black Power” groups were SNCC under Stokely Carmichael & the Black Panthers

Yellow Power: Asian American Movement

“Yellow Power” Asian Americans faced discrimination in the U.S. (Chinese Exclusion Act, Japanese internment during WWII, anti-Asian attitudes due to Vietnam ) Pan-Asian groups gained Asian-American studies programs in colleges, health services in Asian communities, & reparations for interned Japanese-Americans

Brown Power: Chicanos, Cesar Chavez, & the United Farm Workers

Latinos Migrate North As Mexicans arrive in the U.S. they typically settled in the Southwest and lived in communities known as barrios. Repatriation occurred during the Great Depression. – Mexican immigrants were deported back to Mexico. – Latinos who remain faced prejudice and job discrimination. Puerto Ricans and Cubans began immigrating after WWII.

Growth of Latino Population in the U.S. in Millions

Protests and Progress César Chávez and the United Farm Workers went on strike to demand increased wages and better benefits. – When employers resisted, Chavez organized a national boycott of grapes until employers finally agreed to raise wages and improve working conditions. LA Raza Unida promoted Latino causes and candidates. Bilingual Education Act – Directed schools to set up classes for immigrants in their own language while they were learning English.

Rainbow Power: The Gay Liberation Movement

“Rainbow Power” The Gay Liberation movement started in 1969 after a police raid at the Stonewall Inn led to riots in New York City

“Rainbow Power” The Gay Liberation Front (GLF) was formed to bring an end to discrimination against homosexuals The GLF emphasized “gay pride” & encouraged people to “come out of the closet”

Red Power: The Native American Movement

Red Power By the 1960s, Native Americans had the lowest income, highest unemployment rate, & shortest life expectancy of any group of Americans Indian groups began demanding tribal autonomy & the return of lands taken by broken treaties with Indian tribes

Red Power In 1969, a group of 78 Native Americans seized Alcatraz Island in San Francisco In 1973, 200 armed Indians took control of Wounded Knee in South Dakota, the site of the 1890 massacre of Indians

Pink Power: The Women’s Movement

Pink Power Betty Freidan began the modern women’s movement by publishing Feminine Mystique in 1963

Pink Power Feminists drew attention to sexual discrimination & unequal pay for women National Organization of Women (NOW) Betty Freidan co-founded the National Organization of Women (NOW) to advocate for women

Pink Power But, the women’s movement did have successes Gained abortion rights in Roe v Wade (1973) Congress passed Title VII to protect women from sexual harassment Congress passed Title IX that outlawed sexual discrimination in education programs

Green Power: The Environmental Movement

Green Power In 1962, biologist Rachel Carson published Silent Spring exposing the dangers of pesticides on the environment By 1970, the government passed clean air & water laws, created the Endangered Species Act & formed the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Earth Day is celebrated each year on April 22