Teaching Learning Methods Dr. Kalpesh Chandrani Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, PDU Medical College, Rajkot.

Teaching Methods Lecture Group discussion Lecture with discussion Tutorial Seminar Symposium Panel discussion Programmed learning Project Conference

Teaching Methods Guest lecture Role play Practical work beside teaching field Worksheets/surveys Report-back sessions Case studies Videotapes Brainstorming

LECTURE A careful presentation of facts with organized thoughts and ideas by a qualified person

Lecture Advantages Saving of time & resources Enables a large amount of information to be presented Covers a large group of learners Serves as a good means of introducing a subject Can provide an up to date view of the subject Presents factual material in direct, logical manner Contains experience which inspires Stimulates thinking to open discussion

Lecture Disadvantages keeps learners in a passive situation Does not help in problem solving Offers hardly any possibility of how much a learner has learnt Does not cater to individual pace of learning Experts are not always good teachers Communication in one way

Lecture With Discussion Advantages Involves audience at least after the lecture Audience can question, clarify & challenge

Lecture With Discussion Disadvantages Time may limit discussion period Quality is limited to quality of questions and discussion

Group Discussion A face to face mutual interchange of ideas & opinions between members or a relatively small group(5-20).It is more than random, unstructured conservation which occurs whenever small no. of participants discuss freely, frankly which is democratic in every sense

Group Discussion Advantages Not authority dependent Demands activity on the part of learner A learner discovers his strengths and weaknesses himself in comparison to his fellow learners

Group Discussion Disadvantages Inexperience of teacher and learner in the group process Subject may not be adequately covered Inadequate preparation by the learner

Small Group Discussion The occurrence of a small group discussion implies a common concern regarding a desire for information, a problem to be solved, a decision to be taken.

Small Group Discussion Advantages allows participation of everyone people often more comfortable in small groups can reach group consensus

Small Group Discussion Disadvantages needs careful thought as to purpose of group groups may get side tracked

Seminar A group of persons engaged in research or advanced study of a subject meet under the general direction of the expert staff member for discussion, leading to an in depth study of a subject /problem. There is no audience usually.

Seminar Advantages Helps to study a subject in depth under the guidance of an authority Authority available to guide discuss and assist the participants Detail and systematic discussion and inquiry can take place All members participate in the discussion

Seminar Disadvantages May difficult to inhibit participation of some members Presence of an expert may inhibit participation of some members Members may not want to spend all the time in preparation of reports

Symposium A series of prepared speeches given, under a chairmen by 2 to 5 experts on many aspects of a problem. The talk should be short & to the point (10-25 min) The audience usually passive, no discussion between speakers.

Symposium Advantages Present new material in a concise and logical way Gives a fair analysis of several sides of a controversial issue Comprehensive coverage of subject is possible Audience alert because of discussion

Symposium Disadvantages A symposium is quite formal Role of audience is passive Little opportunity for discussion between speeches

Tutorial Limited number of student are taught in groups on a particular subject by a tutor

Tutorial Advantages Communication is a two way process Demands activity on the part of learner Help to discover and correct mistakes Helps to find out the extant of learning

Tutorial Disadvantages Authority dependency is maintained Inadequate coverage of subject may occur Lack of preparation by the learner.

Project A significant practical unit of activity having aimed at one or more definite goal of understanding. It involves the investigation and solution of problems.

Role Play Acting out a situation for objective study, by a group of the behavior of the role players. Different from simulation.

Role Play Advantages Introduces problem situation dramatically Provides opportunity for people to assume roles of others and thus appreciate another point of view Allows for exploration of solutions Provides opportunity to practice skills

Role Play Disadvantages People may be too self-conscious Not appropriate for large groups People may feel threatened

Practical Bedside Teaching Advantages Puts learner in an active situation Covers limited group of learners Permits evaluation of degree to which educational objectives have been attained (in all three domains) Develops qualities of observation and decision making Permits comparison between reality and theory Enables learners to develop self - confidence

Practical Bedside Teaching Disadvantages Poor standardization Sometimes puts the patient in difficulty Involves personal costs

Case Studies Advantages Develops analytic and problem solving skills Allows for exploration of solutions for complex issues Allows student to apply new knowledge and skills

Case Studies Disadvantages People may not see relevance to own situation Insufficient information can lead to inappropriate results

OLD DAYS Gurukul Teaching – Small no of disciples trained under a learned guru, residential training. Not practiced now. No guru like Viashit & Dronacharya & no disciple like Ram, Eklavya & Arjun.

The authority of those who teach is often an obstacle to those who want to learn. -Cicero

Thank You