1. SEMINAR SYMOSIUM PANEL DISCUSSION Prof HCL Rawat
University College of Nursing, Faridkot

2. A thousand teachers, A thousand methods
Chinese Proverb

3. SEMINAR

4. INTRODUCTION
A seminar is a instructional technique involves generating a situation for a group to have guided interaction among themselves on a theme which is generally presented to the group by one or more members.

5. DEFINITION
Seminar is an instructional technique of higher learning which involves paper reading on a theme and followed by the group discussion to clarify the complex aspects of the theme.

6. OBJECTIVES A) COGNITIVE OBJECTIVE
To develop the higher cognitive abilities: analysis, synthesis and evaluation as compared to the situations involving human interaction.
To develop the ability of responding in this manner would involve higher cognitive actions: valuing, organizing and characterization of quick comprehension of the situation.

7. To enhance the conceptual knowledge
To develop the ability of keen observation, experiences and feelings.

8. AFFECTIVE OBJECTIVES
To develop the feeling of tolerance for the opposite ideas of others.
To develop the feeling of cooperation.
To develop the emotional satiability among the participants.
To acquire the good manners of putting questions and answering effectively.

9. COMPONENTS
Organizer
Moderator
Speaker
Participants
Observer

10. ORGANIZER ROLE
Organize to plan and prepare the whole programme of the seminar. He/she decide topic or theme of seminar and assign the different aspects of theme to different persons who have to play the role of speakers. The date, time and place decided by organizer.
MODERATOR ROLE
The participants purposed the name of moderator. Moderator supervised the activities of the seminar. He/she provide the opportunities to each participant, at the end has to summarize and discussion and view point of the Speaker given by Moderator.

11. SPEAKER ROLE
To prepare the topic, distribution of hand out of the topic, prepare the topic in sequence. Encourage for discussion on the topic and the speaker should have the tolerance of anti ideas of criticism of others.
PARTICIPANTS ROLE
Participants of the seminar should be well acquainted with the theme. They should appreciate the performance of the speaker. They should able to seek clarification and put questions. There are 25 to 40 participants in the seminar.

12. OBSERVERS ROLE
Some guests and observers are also invited and allowed to observe the activities of seminar, they are not permitted to participate in the discussion.
At the end of the session they allowed to discussion and present their observations.

13. International Seminar
TYPES OF SEMINAR
Mini Seminar
Main
Seminar
National Seminar
International Seminar

14. MINI SEMINAR
Seminar organized to discuss a topic in class is known as mini seminar. The main purpose to enhance the knowledge.
MAIN SEMINAR
Such seminar organized at departmental level or institutional level on a major theme.
NATIONAL SEMINAR
Organized at the National level, associations and organizations are arranged for that type of seminar.

15. INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR
Generally such seminar are organized by international organizations. The topic of this type of seminar are very broad.

16. PROCEDURE OF SEMINAR
Proceeding of the seminar will be guided by Moderator.
 Seminar as an instructional technique involves creating a situation for a group to have guided interaction on a specific theme.
The presenter play role as a speaker on the specific theme.
Pre-planned examples, activities, logical sequence are kept in mind while preparing a seminar.

17. CONTI......
After the presentation moderator helps to the speaker for discussion of the topic.
At the end of the topic floor open for discussion.
By the expertise evaluation done on the behalf of evaluation techniques.

18. ADVANTAGES OF SEMINAR Stimulation of thinking
Encourage for critical thinking
Provide emotional stability and respect
Helps to application of group norms
Provide opportunity for higher learning
Natural way of learning

19. LIMITATIONS OF SEMINAR
1)It is time consuming method.
2)A seminar can not be organized on all the content of a subject matter.
3)This technique used only for higher education.
4)One person can dominate with own ideas.
5)The criticize situations of such discussion is not conductive for learning.

21. INTRODUCTION This technique also used for higher learning.
Symposium is a group discussion method of teaching.
This technique also used for higher learning.
It is a instructional technique which is used to achieve higher cognitive and affective objectives.

22. MEANING
Originally the word symposium means philosophical discussion i.e. discussion of topic by philosophers or high ranked people. In this method knowledge of a particular topic can be successfully imparted to a large group. Two or more persons present separate papers or speeches concerning a topic or a problem or different phases.

23. OBJECTIVES
1)To identify and understand various aspects of theme and problems.
2)To develop and ability to decision and judgment regarding a problem.
3)To develop the values and feelings regarding a problem.
4)To enable the listeners to form policies regarding a theme or problem.

24. How to conduct symposium
The chairperson and the members of the symposium group plan the programme. Group plan together and they should under stand what is symposium method of teaching. Each member discuss with the chairperson regarding the matter and covering all the important areas.

25. For example; a symposium on diabetes mellitus
Conti……
For example; a symposium on diabetes mellitus
Group members
1. The doctor
2. The nurse clinician
3. Pharmacologist
4. Dietician
5. Community nurse

26. FUNCTIONS
The Doctor: Etiology, pathophysiology and clinical features of D.M.
The Nurse Clinician: On ‘Nursing Management’
The Pharmacologist: on drugs used, their actions, side effects.
The Dietician : The therapeutic diet in D.M.
The community health nurse: on home care

27. CHARACTERSTICS
 It provides broad understanding of a topic or a problem.
 The opportunities provided to the listeners to take decision about the problem.
 It is used for higher classes to specific themes and problems.
 It develops the feelings of cooperation and adjustment.
 The objectives as synthesis and evaluation are achieved by employing the symposium technique.

28. ADVANTAGES
1. Expert knowledge is given to the group
2. Matter is presented in sequence which helps in better understanding
3. Group presentation takes away monotony of lectures
Information can be given out to a large group
5. Discussions enriches topic.

29. LIMIATIONS  Expert knowledge is needed.  Takes time to prepare.
 Only limited members can be the speakers.
 Expert knowledge is needed.
 Takes time to prepare.
 Co-ordination of the group is essential to prevent overlapping or missing important matter.

30. PANEL DISCUSSION

31. INTRODUCTION
When a complex and difficult subject matter is to be presented. It is a large discussion method. It derives away the borderm of a lecture and gives learner the chance of participation and involvement in the process of education.

32. DEFINITION
The panel method, originated by Prof. HARRY A OVERSTREET“Is a discussion in which 4-8 persons who are qualified to talk about the topic, sit and discuss a given problem or the topic, in front large group or audience”.

33. OBJECTIVES  To provide information and new facts.
 To analyses the current problem from different angle.
 To identify the values.
 To organize for mental recreation.

34. PRINCIPLES
1) It observes the democratic principles of human behavior. Equal opportunities are provided to every participant.
2) It encourages the active participation with originally and independently.
3) It involves the social and psychological principles of group work.

35. 5) All groups members should have a common understanding of the goals towards which they are working.
6) Procedure which will best help the groups to achieve its goals should be set up by the group itself.
7) Possible barriers to effective group action should be considered by the group and plans made to avoid and overcome them.
8) All group members should participate in all the aspects of group functioning.

36. TYPES
Public Panel Discussion
Educational Panel Discussion

37. PUBLIC PANEL DISCUSSION
This type of panel discussion are organize for the common men problems. Three types of objectives are achieved by these type of discussion.
a)To provide factual information regarding current problems.
b)To determine the social values.
c)To recreate the common men.

38. EDUCATIONAL PANEL DISCUSSION
This type of panel discussion are useful in any institution specially higher institutions, planned to achieve educational objectives. These techniques have democratic situations of group discussions.

39. COMPONENTS It comprises of three components: 1. Moderator.
Members – 4 – 8 speakers.
Audience.

40. FUNCTION
MODERATOR:
The Moderator should be selected carefully, since much of the success of the panel will depend on its leadership.
He/She should be a person with wide mental flexibility who has a sense of fair play and is able to determine the relevance of remarks as they are made.
He/She must keep the discussion to the subject and see that all members of the panel have an equal opportunity to the express their views.
He/She gives balance to the programme, not by contribution of opinions but by controlling the trend of discussion.

41.  All seated in a semicircle facing the audience
MEMBER 4-8 speakers
 All seated in a semicircle facing the audience
Member should be quick thinkers and facile talkers, and should represent different points of view.
There should be no rehersal , but the members of the panel should be prepared by knowing the limits of the topic to be discussed and the regulations which are to guide the discussion.

42. METHOD
Moderator begins the panel discussion by exploring the whole proceeding.
- The members of the panel are introduced by name and background of experience.
- Topic is announced, Moderator sits down, after which all remain seated and converse amongst themselves . Moderator facilitates this by asking questions to panel members.
- After conversation, Moderator organizes discussion with occasional summaries. There is usually general summary before discussion is open to audience.

43. ADVANTAGES
1) The panel stimulates thought and discussions and clarifies thinking. 2) There is free exchange of opinions, the panel usually influences the audience to an open minded attitude and respect for the opinion of others. 3) The quick exchange of facts, opinions and plans tends to develop more critical attitude and better judgement.

44. DISADVANTAGES
1) It is limited in its usefulness as a teaching tool, because it makes no attempt to arrive at a solution. 2) It may lead to certain tenseness of feeling if the topic is difficult to control. 3) Member of panel need guidance and help. 4) Need thorough knowledge and be experts.

45. CONCLUSION
Group discussion should provide a natural setting in which the audience will have the opportunity to ask question, evaluate replies and make constructive contributions. It is Moderator's duty about guide the group discussion method to the group. Questions from the audience may be directed to certain speakers. It is a socialized method for learning. These methods are used for higher education.

46. Good teaching is ¼ PREPARATION and ¾ THEATRE
Gail Godwin

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