Chapter 7 Part 2

Action Potential Acetycholine is released and __________ rushes into cell causing an electrical charge Na

Muscles contract more forcefully after they have contracted a few times. Muscle Contraction That’s why we “warm up”

Staircase phenomenon Muscle Contraction Gradual step like increase in strength of contraction Eventually becomes a decrease in strength

Cause of Muscle Fatigue Lack of High levels of ATP Lactic acid Other metabolic products

Cause of Muscle Fatigue Muscle need Glucose and Oxygen for contraction Glucose comes from O2 stored in foods we eat myoglobin

Cause of Muscle Fatigue Lots of myoglobin Less myoglobin Dark meat White meat

Terms Muscle shrinks Atrophy

Terms Increase in muscle size Hypertrophy

Terms Running, bicycling. Increases blood flow. Requires O2 Aerobic training

Terms Contracting muscles against heavy resistance. Weight lifting. Increase in muscle size, not number of muscle fibers Strength training

Terms Bacterial infection within the nervous system Causes severe muscle contractions “lock jaw” Starts at the neck, moves down. Diaphragm effected = no breathing Tetanus

Abnormal Muscle Contractions Abnormal, uncoordinated contractions of groups of muscles Seizures Convulsions

Abnormal Muscle Contractions Smooth sustained muscle contraction “tonic clonic” Tetanus

Abnormal Muscle Contractions Flutter of muscle. No effective movement Fibrillation

Abnormal Muscle Contractions Injury to ligament Sprain

Abnormal Muscle Contractions Injury to muscle Strain

Abnormal Muscle Contractions Muscle pain Myalgia

Abnormal Muscle Contractions Weakness of abdominal muscle. Abdominal organs protrude through muscular wall Hernia

Abnormal Muscle Contractions Abdominal organs protrude through muscular wall in the groin region Inguinal Hernia

Abnormal Muscle Contractions Abdominal organs protrude through muscular wall in the umbilical region Umbilical Hernia

Abnormal Muscle Contractions Abdominal organs protrude through muscular wall in the epigastric region Epigastric Hernia

Muscle Movements Range of Motion ROM

flexion extension hyperextension

4. 5. abduction adduction

6. 7. adduction abduction

8. 9. Dorsi flexion plantar flexion

10. rotation

flexion extension

pronation supination

eversion inversion

Flexion Extension Hyperextension bending straightening Over straightening ROM

Abduction Adduction Rotation Circumduction Away from midline of body Toward midline of body Turn on an axis Circular movement ROM

Pronation Supination Inversion Eversion ROM Palm down Palm up Turned in toward the body Turned out away from the body

Dorsiflexion Plantar flexion ROM Foot pulled up toward body Foot pointed toward ground

Muscles only ____________ they cannot push pull Usually arranged in pairs

Named according to: Direction of muscle fiber Rectus = straight Oblique = slanted

Named according to: size Maximus = large Minimus = small

Named according to: location Associated with bones

Named according to: # of orgins Orgin – point where muscle is attached to immovable bone Insertion – Point where muscle is attached to movable bone

Named according to: Location of orgin and insertion

Named according to: shape Deltoid = triangle

Named according to: action Flexor Extensor Abductor

Head Muscles : Facial and Chewing temporalis SCM masseter trapezius platysma buccinnator Orbicularis oris zygomaticus Orbicularis occuli frontalis

Splenius capitis Semispinalis capitis Achilles tendon Soleus

Blinks and close eye Which Muscle? Orbicularis occuli

Puckers lip Which Muscle? Orbicularis oris

Closes jaw Which Muscle? masseter

chewing Which Muscle? Buccinator and masseter

Rotates Head Which Muscle? Sternocleido- mastoid

Abducts arm Which Muscle? deltoid

Extends knee Which Muscle? Quadriceps

Extends elbow Which Muscle? Tricep brachii

Plantar flexes foot Which Muscle? gastrocnemius

Myo means? muscle Review All muscle cells are called? fibers

Groups of tissues make? organs Review

Skeletal muscle is ? Voluntary and striated Review What powers muscle contractions ? ATP

A neurotransmitter released during the action potential of muscle contraction ? acetycholine Review

Sheet of band surrounding all muscles? fascia Review

Ion released from SR during muscle contraction? Calcium Review

Muscle pain? myalgia Review Turning the sole of the foot inward? inversion

How many types of muscle tissue? 3 Review Muscle fatigue occurs due to an accumulation of ? Lactic acid

Stores oxygen in the muscle? myoglobin Review