1. The Muscular System

2. Muscles Bones require muscles for locomotion
Muscles move bone by contracting (shortening)

3. Function of Muscles Produce movement Maintain posture Stabilize joints
Generate heat

4. The Muscular System
Muscles are responsible for all types of body movement – they contract or shorten and are the machine of the body
Three basic muscle types are found in the body
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle

5. There are three types of Muscle:
Smooth Muscle
Located in the digestive and reproductive system
Under Involuntary control
Cardiac Muscle
Found in the wall of the heart
under Involuntary control
Skeletal Muscle
Attached to bone
Provide force for moving and stabilizing the body
Under Voluntary control
Striated muscle

6. 4 Types of Connective Tissue
At the joints (where bones meet), there are different types of connective tissue:
Ligament – connects bone to bone
Tendon – connects muscle to bone
Bursa – fluid filled sac that allows bones to move easily over others
Cartilage – connective tissue that cushions the joint at the end of bones and between bones

9. Anatomy of the Muscular System
Origin
Muscle attachment that remains fixed
Insertion
Muscle attachment that moves
Action
What joint movement a muscle produces
i.e. flexion, extension, abduction, etc.

10. For muscles to create a movement, they can only pull, not push
Muscles in the body rarely work alone, & are usually arranged in groups surrounding a joint
A muscle that contracts to create the desired action is known as an agonist or prime mover
A muscle that helps the agonist is a synergist
A muscle that opposes the action of the agonist, therefore undoing the desired action is an antagonist

11. Antagonistic Muscles
A pair of muscles which work against each other to make a joint move
The muscle that contracts to bend the joint is the flexor, and the muscle that contracts to straighten the joint is the extensor

12. Did you know…
If you’re double jointed it means that you have extra stretchy ligaments which allows your joints more flexibility

13. Movement
Muscles move bones. Muscles are attached to the bone by tendons.
When the muscle contracts, it becomes shorter and pulls the tendon which pulls the bone. When the muscle relaxes, the pulling stops.
Muscles can only PULL, so they work in pairs. For example, the bicep contracts to pull the lower arm up. When the tricep contracts, your arm straightens.

15. Summary
Bones provide the framework of the body, joints allow for movement, and muscles provide the strength to realize the movements. The kind of movement depends on the shape of the bone and in the joint.

16. MUSCLES YOU NEED TO KNOW!
frontalis
gracilis
orbicularis oculi
vastus medialis
orbicularis oris
gastrocnemius
sternocleidomastoid
soleus
deltoid
trapezius
pectoralis major
teres major
biceps brachii
triceps brachii
brachialis
latissimus dorsi
rectus abdominis
external oblique
brachoradialis
gluteus medius
pronator teres
gluteus maximus
flexor carpi radialis
semimembranosis
iliopsoas
semitendinosis
Sartorius
Achilles tendon
vastus lateralis
pectineus
biceps femoris
rectus femoris
extensor carpi ulnaris
peroneus longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
tibialis anterior

17. An Overview of the Major Skeletal Muscles

18. An Overview of the Major Skeletal Muscles
Figure 7-11(b)

19. Anatomy of the Muscular System
Muscles of the Head and Neck
Figure 7-12(a)

20. Anatomy of the Muscular System
Muscles of the Head and Neck
Figure 7-12(c)

21. Anatomy of the Muscular System
Muscles of the Anterior Neck
Figure 7-13

22. Anatomy of the Muscular System
Muscles of the Spine
Figure 7-14

23. Anatomy of the Muscular System
Muscles of the Shoulder
Figure 7-17(a)

24. Anatomy of the Muscular System
Muscles of the Shoulder
Figure 7-17(b)

25. Anatomy of the Muscular System
Muscles that Move the Arm
Figure 7-18(a)

26. Anatomy of the Muscular System
Muscles That Move the Forearm and Wrist
Figure 7-19

27. Anatomy of the Muscular System
Muscles That Move the Thigh
Figure 7-20(a)

28. Anatomy of the Muscular System
Muscles That Move
the Thigh
Figure 7-20(b)

29. Anatomy of the Muscular System
Muscles That Move the Leg
Figure 7-21

30. Anatomy of the Muscular System
Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes
Figure 7-22(a)

31. Anatomy of the Muscular System
Muscles That Move
the Foot and Toes
Figure 7-22(b)

32. Anatomy of the Muscular System
Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes
Figure 7-22(c)

33. Anatomy of the Muscular System
Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes
Figure 7-22(d)