1. Muscular System
The body has more than 600 muscles that make up 40 to 45% of the body’s weight

2. Types of Muscle Tissue Skeletal muscle Striated Voluntary
Dark and light bands in fibers
Voluntary
Conscious control over these muscles

3. Cardiac Muscles
Indistinctly striated
Involuntary

4. Smooth Muscle Also called visceral muscle Unstriated Involuntary
No dark and light bands
Involuntary

5. Smooth Muscle Tissue Located: Walls of internal organs
Respiratory and digestive tracts
Digestive tract=peristalsis
Wavelike movement
Causes contents to be propelled onward

6. Muscle Function

7. Muscle Function Movement of: Provide and maintain posture
Body
Blood
Food
Waste
Provide and maintain posture
Protect internal organs
Provide heat

8. How Muscles
Are Named

9. How Muscles are Named Muscle origin Muscle insertion
Place where muscle begins
End where movement does not occurs
Muscle insertion
Place where muscle ends
End where movement occurs

10. How Muscles are Named Size Shape Direction of fibers Location Number
Maximus
Minimus
Shape
Deltoid
Trapezius
Direction of fibers
Rectus
Oblique
Location
Anterior
Posterior
Bone
Number Bi
Tri
Quad

11. Muscle Characteristics
Irritability
Ability to respond to stimulus
Contractibility
Ability to shorten
Extensibility
Ability to stretch and lengthen
Elasticity
Ability to return to original length at rest

12. Muscle Characteristics
Muscle tone
Partial state of contraction
Balanced muscle tension required to hold body in position

13. Attachment of Muscle Tissue
Tendons:
While ligaments attach bone to bone, muscles are attached to bones by bands of fibrous tissue called tendons.
Fascia:
A sheet of tough fibrous tissue that wraps around an individual muscle.

14. Muscle Movement Pull never push on bones Always cross a joint
Work in pairs:
Prime mover (agonist): pulls to cause movement
Antagonist: relaxes when agonist pulls

15. Body Movements Caused by Skeletal Muscle
Flexion:
Decrease angle between two bones or bending a limb at a joint
Elbow bent and lower arm brought upward
Plantar flexion: bending foot forward
Dorsiflexion: bending foot toward knee

16. Body Movements Caused by Skeletal Muscle
Extension
Increase angle between two bones or straightening out a limb
Elbow straightened and lower arm downward

17. Body Movements Caused by Skeletal Muscle
Abduction
Movement away from body midline
Arm moves outward, away from side of body
Adduction
Movement toward midline of body
Arm moves inward, toward side of body

18. Body Movements Caused by Skeletal Muscle
Rotation
Circular or semi-circular movement around an axis
Turning head side to side

19. Body Movements Caused by Skeletal Muscle
Pronation:
Turning hand downward
Supination:
Turning hand upward

20. Pathology of the
Muscular System

21. Muscle atrophy Weakening and wasting away of muscle tissue
Occurs with paralysis
Can lead to contractures:
Joint remains in flexed position

22. Muscular dystrophy Gradual atrophy of muscle tissue Genetic disease
No cure
Treatment:
Braces
Corrective surgery

23. Muscular Dystrophy

24. Fibromyalgia
A group of muscle disorders affecting the tendons, ligaments, and fibrous tissues
Myalgia common
Treatment: reduce stress and exercise

25. Hernia The abnormal protrusion of a body part into another body area
Result from weakness in or injury to stomach muscles
Treatment: bracing or surgery

26. Hernia

27. Poliomyelitis A viral infection resulting in paralysis of muscles
Prevented by vaccination
No cure

28. Tetanus AKA “lock jaw” Caused by toxin produced by bacterial infection
Produces uncontrolled muscle spasms
Treatment:
antibiotics
antitoxin
Prevention: immunization

29. Muscle Strain Torn or stretched tendons and muscles causing pain
It is caused by muscles being used too suddenly or for too long.
Symptoms include pain and swelling from bleeding inside the muscle.
Treatment involves rest, elevation, and alternating hot and cold applications.

30. Muscle Movement

31. Muscle Movement
Quadriceps
Extends lower leg
Flexes hip

32. Muscle Movement
Deltoid
Abduct arm

33. Muscle Movement
Trapezius
Shrug shoulder

34. Muscle Movement
Gastrocnemius
Stand on tiptoe
(plantar flexion)

35. Muscle Movement
Sternocleidomastoid
Rotates head

36. Muscle Movement External obliques Rectus abdominus Bending to the side
Sit up

37. Muscle Movement
Sartorius
Flexes hip & knee

38. Muscle Movement
Intercostals muscle
inhaling

39. Muscle Movement
Biceps brachii
Flexes lower arm

40. Muscle Movement
Triceps brachii
Extends lower arm
Used for push ups

41. Muscle Movement Biceps femoris and Semitendenosis Hamstrings
Flex lower leg

42. Muscle Movement
Gluteus maximus
Extend hip

43. Muscle Movement
Tibialis anterior
Flex foot

44. Muscle Movement
Flexor carpi
Flex wrist

45. Muscle Movement
Pectoralis major
Adducts upper arm

46. Muscle Movement
Latissimus dorsi
Adducts upper arm

47. The End