WWI Refresher  How did WWI end?  Consequences for Germany:  Claim full responsibility for the war  Pay war reparations (pay for the damage)  Seriously reduce/get rid of it’s military  How do you think Germany felt after the Treaty of Versailles?

Objectives:  Content : Predict how Germany felt after World War I.  Learning : List the countries each leader was from and which alliance they were on.

Causes of World War II 1. Political instability and economic devastation in Europe because of World War I  High war debt owed by Germany  High inflation  Worldwide depression  Massive unemployment

The value of money decreased because so much was being printed  In 1914: 1 US dollar = 4.2 Marks  In 1923: 1 US dollar = 4.2 Rentenmarks Which is = 4,200,000,000,000 Marks

2. Rise of Fascism  Fascism is a political philosophy in which total power is given to a dictator and individual freedoms are denied

 Fascist dictators included Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and Hideki Tojo  These dictators led the countries that became known as the Axis Powers

Axis Powers CountryLeader ItalyBenito Mussolini GermanyAdolf Hitler JapanHideki Tojo

Benito Mussolini Italian Dictator Fascist Italian dictator Led March on Rome in 1922 to show his power The King of Italy (Victor Emmanuel III) appointed him Prime Minister Mussolini took full power after the king’s death Banned all other political parties Believed Italy needed to restore glory and territory of the Roman Empire

Roman Empire

Adolf Hitler German Dictator Looked to Mussolini’s rise to power as an example Became leader of a fascist group commonly called the Nazi Party Promised to end war reparations, create jobs, rearm Germany, and restore its former glory Blamed Jews for world’s problems

Adolf Hitler German Dictator Believed Germany needed to expand and create a better society at all costs – as outlined in his autobiography, Mein Kampf Chancellor of Germany in 1933 then takes title of “Der Fuhrer” Totalitarian leader Used brutal system of terror to achieve goals (SS, SA, Gestapo) Ignored the Treaty of Versailles and began his military quest

First Reich Second Reich Germany 1930 Germany 1919

Hideki Tojo Japanese Prime Minister Emperor Hirohito was in charge, but the military had the real power Tojo was the General of the Japanese Imperial Army Was appointed Prime Minister during the war by Hirohito Wanted to expand the Japanese Empire and make it respected at all costs

The Allies CountryLeader FranceAlbert François Lebrun Great BritainWinston Churchill CanadaWilliam Lyon Mackenzie King United StatesFranklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman Soviet Union (in 1941) Joseph Stalin

 The Democratic nations (United States, Great Britain, and Canada) were known as the Allies  The Soviet Union was not a democratic country but they joined the Allies after they were invaded by Germany in 1941.

United States Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt Harry Truman

U.S. Presidents  Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) was President of the United States throughout the war until his death on April 12, 1945  FDR’s successor was Vice President Harry Truman

Winston Churchill British Prime Minister & Became Prime Minister during WWII. He was chosen based on his strong stance against Germany and belief in Britain fighting back. Was one of the most popular Prime Ministers ever in Great Britain.

Joseph Stalin Soviet Union Dictator Participated in the Russian Revolution of 1917 Lenin led the Soviet Union in 1922 and established Communism. After Lenin's death in 1928, Stalin conspired against all of his own political comrades until he gained complete power. Totalitarian leader who used terror to accomplish goals.

The War Begins…  Germany had been expanding and breaking the Treaty of Versailles during the 1930s.  Germany signed the Munich Agreement, which gave them a part of Czechoslovakia as long as Hitler stopped trying to take any more territory.  In August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union signed a nonaggression pact. In the pact, they agreed not to declare war on each other.

But it didn’t work…  Hitler broke his promise! On September 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland. The Soviet Union also invaded Poland and the Baltic nations.  Two days later, Great Britain and France declared war on Germany. World War II had begun! 