A NEW NATIONAL IDENTITY CHAPTER 9

LOUISIANA PURCHASE 1803 Extended US border to the Rocky Mountains Explorers, traders and settlers moved west US nearly doubled in size 1816: James Monroe elected as president

AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY U.S. settles disputes with Great Britain (Rush- Bagot Agreement, Convention of 1818) over border with Canada and naval rights on the Great Lakes

AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY President James Monroe sends Andrew Jackson to secure U.S. – Spanish border in Florida in 1818 (no further orders, though) Jackson invades to capture Seminole raiders and overthrows the Spanish governor – Sec. of State John Quincy Adams negotiates the Adams-Onis Treaty to acquire Florida in 1819

MONROE DOCTRINE Many Latin American nations begin to fight for and win independence from Spain Monroe and Adams fear European nations might take advantage of these newly formed countries Monroe Doctrine (1823) : warned European powers not to interfere with the nations of the Western Hemisphere or deal with the United States militarily

NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM Successful negotiations with foreign countries let to feelings of nationalism: strong feelings of pride and loyalty to a nation. Rep. Henry Clay of Kentucky believed in the American System: measures to make the United States economically self-sufficient (national bank, protective tariff, improved roads and canals). He promoted national unity.

NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM Cumberland Road: also known as National Road, first one built by federal government Erie Canal: ran from Albany to Buffalo, NY – very successful and encouraged other canals to be built

ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS 1815 – 1825 – a time of peace, pride, and progress Emphasis on national unity McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) – implied powers of Congress allows for national bank Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) – states could not interfere with the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce

MISSOURI COMPROMISE Sectionalism: disagreements between different regions 1820 – Missouri Compromise – Henry Clay (union was threatened) Maine = Free State Missouri = Slave State Line at ’ North of the line = FREE South of the Line = SLAVE

III. AMERICAN CULTURE American writers contributed to a growing national identity Washington Irving: told stories of American history and combined European traditions with American characters and settings Rip Van Winkle and Legend of Sleepy Hollow James Fenimore Cooper: published books about American wars, Native Americans, helped popularize historical fiction Last of the Mohicans

ART, RELIGION, AND EDUCATION Hudson River School: paintings that reflected national pride and appreciation of American landscape Spiritual awakenings and revivals Buildings were designed in Greek and Roman styles to reflect democratic and republican ideals State-funded public education