1. Nationalism and Sectionalism
Chapter 9, Section 2
Nationalism and Sectionalism

2. As you have learned in previous chapters, each section of the country had very different socioeconomic interests
North: Business, Commerce, Industry
South: Agriculture, plantation farming, labor force of slaves
West: Expansion, settlement, and development
These very different interests are going to play a large role in the outbreak of the Civil War.
Pay close attention to the developments, economy, and culture of these sections of the nation

3. Growing Nationalism Nationalism
Feelings of pride and loyalty to a nation
Henry Clay
Representative from Kentucky
Believed a strong national economy would promote nationalism and reduce regional conflicts
Developed the American System
Series of measures intended to make the United States economically self-sufficient

4. Growing Nationalism American System Establish a protective tariff
A tariff is a tax on imported goods that protects a nation’s businesses from foreign competition
Made European goods more expensive than American-made products
Establish a national bank
Promote a single currency
Made trade easier
Improve the country’s transportation system
Important for a strong economy
Poor roads made transportation slow and expensive

5. Growing Nationalism
Some members of Congress believed that the Constitution did not permit the federal government to spend money on internal improvements
Clay argued that the possible gains for the country justified federal action

6. Roads and Canals
Early 1800’s-most roads made of dirt, making travel difficult.
To improve roads, Congress invested in road building
Cumberland Road
First road built by the federal government
From Cumberland, MD to Wheeling (modern day West Virginia)
Workers had to cut a 66 ft wide band, at times through forest
Used shovels and pickaxes to dig a 12-18” roadbed
Work had to be done without modern day bulldozers or steamrollers

7. Roads and Canals
Americans also tried to make water transportation easier by building canals
Erie Canal
Ran from Albany to Buffalo, New York
Construction began in 1817 and was completed in 1825
British, German, and Irish immigrants dug the canal by hand
Allowed goods and people to move between towns on Lake Erie and New York City and the east coast

9. Era of Good Feelings 1815-1825 Time of peace, pride, and progress
Emphasis on national unity was strengthened by 2 supreme court cases
McCulloch v Maryland
Gibbons v Ogden

10. Era of Good Feelings McCulloch v Maryland Gibbons v Ogden
The Supreme Court ruled that a state could not tax a federal bank
Asserted the implied powers of Congress in allowing for the creation of a national bank
Gibbons v Ogden
The Supreme Court ruled that interstate commerce could be regulated only by the federal government
States could not interfere with the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce
Strengthened power of the federal government, which reflected a growing nationalist spirit

11. The Missouri Compromise
Sectionalism
Loyalty to one’s section of the country
Disagreements between the different regions of the United States
North
South
West
1819-Missouri applied for statehood
At the time, there were 11 slave states and 11 free states
Adding a new slave state to the Union would disrupt the balance in the Senate in favor of the South

12. The Missouri Compromise
To protect the power of free states, the House of Representatives passed a special amendment
Declared that the United States would accept Missouri as a slave state but importing enslaved Africans into Missouri would be illegal
Set free the children of Missouri slaves
This angered Southern politicians

13. The Missouri Compromise
3 main conditions
Missouri admitted to the Union as a slave state
Maine created and to join the Union as a free state, keeping the number of free and slave states equal
Slavery prohibited in any new territories or states formed north of 36º30’ latitude-Missouri’s southern border

15. The Election of 1824 Controversy
Andrew Jackson won the popular election but did not have enough electoral votes to win
Per the Constitution, the decision went to the House of Representatives
The House chose John Quincy Adams
Jackson supporters claimed that Adams made a corrupt bargain with Henry Clay
Accusations grew louder after Adams chose Clay as his Secretary of State
This controversy weakened Adams’s support

16. Presidential Fact
John Quincy Adams was the first President in United States History to have his photograph taken.