Learning Outcome Lesson Objective Understand the techniques used in the construction of superstructures for low-rise domestic and commercial buildings Lesson Objective To be able to explain the techniques used for construction of external walls in commercial construction

CLADDING TO FRAMED BUILDINGS Types of cladding Infill wall framing to a structural grid Solid and cavity walling of stone, block and brick Facings applied to solid and cavity background walls Cladding panels of precast concrete, GRC and GRP Thin sheet cladding of metal Glazed wall systems

Cladding in Commercial buildings Definitions cladding assembly roof or wall covering system, which may be a site assembly of liner, spacer and profiled sheeting elements together with insulation and vapour control layers, a composite panel or a bonded panel profiled sheeting sheeting, longitudinally formed with regularly spaced shapes of corrugated or trapezoidal cross sections, including substantially flat sheeting with side lapping profiles, which can support load over a span composite panel (or sandwich panel) panel that consists of two parallel profiled sheets separated by and factory-filled with insulation adhering to the profiled sheets, the assembly designed to act as a composite structural element

Cladding in Commercial buildings bonded panel panel that consists of a profiled sheeting bonded by gluing to insulating board fixing system of connection between two or more profiled sheets or between profiled sheets or accessories and supporting structure primary fixing fixing that secures profiled sheeting or lining to the supporting structure (sheeting to purlin or spacer, spacer to purlin) secondary fixing fixing that secures the laps of profile sheets to each other but not to the supporting structure; and used to attach accessories

Cladding in Commercial buildings rigid fixings fasteners that rigidly connect materials together, typified by self-drilling and self-tapping screws where any movement is accommodated by the connecting materials themselves, i.e. roof sheet and/or spacer or structure. No allowance for movement is required in the connection itself. non-rigid fixings fasteners that, by the nature of their design, can permit thermal or other movement to take place between the connecting materials. Typical fasteners are hook bolts and bolts with elastomeric sleeves. Self-drilling and self-tapping screws can also be used where clearance holes or slots in the sheeting, together with purpose designed washers, allow movement fastener connecting device for the fixing fibre cement cement reinforced with asbestos, natural or man-made fibres

Cladding in Commercial buildings

Commercial brick wall construction ).

Commercial brick wall construction

Commercial brick wall construction

Commercial brick wall construction

Cladding in Commercial buildings Profiled metal cladding

Cladding in Commercial buildings

Cladding in Commercial buildings Eaves Detail

Cladding in Commercial buildings Ridge Detail

Cladding in Commercial buildings Verge Detail

Cladding in Commercial buildings What other materials are commonly used in cladding? boards (other than timber) • concrete, e.g. pre-cast panels, blockwork, etc. facing brickwork, including brick slips • faience and terra-cotta • glass • glass curtain walling • glass fibre reinforced cement (GRC) • glass reinforced plastic (GRP) • metal sheeting • applied renders and coatings • slates & tiles • stone • tiling and mosaics • timber facing.

CLADDING TO FRAMED BUILDINGS Infill wall framing to a structural grid Infill walls frames are fixed within the enclosing members of the structural frame or between projections of the frame

CLADDING TO FRAMED BUILDINGS Facings A facing is a comparatively thin, non structural slab of natural or reconstructed stone, ceramic, glass ties, etc., fixed to the face of, and supported by solid background walls. The facing itself is non-structural. The weight of the facing is supported at each storey height by angles or corbel plates Movement joints are required horizontally and vertically to allow differential thermal and moisture movement.

CLADDING TO FRAMED BUILDINGS Facings Stone facing to solid background.

CLADDING TO FRAMED BUILDINGS Precast Cladding Panels Precast concrete panels are reinforced concrete units available in a wide range of mixes, colours and finishes. Finishes can include acid-etched, smooth or coarse ground, grit or sand-blasted, rubbed or polished. Mixes designed to resemble natural stone can also be produced. Highly articulated designs can be accommodated by the mouldable concrete mix.

CLADDING TO FRAMED BUILDINGS Precast Cladding Panels Precast concrete panels are cast face-downwards in purpose-built moulds, usually made of either timber or fibre glass. A steel reinforcement cage is placed in the mould prior to the concrete being poured. Timber moulds can be easily adjusted so that maximum use can be made of each basic mould, further contributing to cost efficiencies.  

CLADDING TO FRAMED BUILDINGS Sheet metal cladding Laminated panels Rain screens

CLADDING TO FRAMED BUILDINGS Laminated panels Profiled laminated metal sheeting.

CLADDING TO FRAMED BUILDINGS Rainscreen Uses an outer panel as a screen to an inner panel system of insulation and lining. It is arranged so there is a space between the screen and the outer lining for ventilation and pressure equalisation. The rainscreen will protect the lining system from excessive heating by solar radiation and protect the gaskets from the hardening effects of the direct sunlight

CLADDING TO FRAMED BUILDINGS Rainscreen Flat single skin aluminium panel rain screen.

CLADDING TO FRAMED BUILDINGS Curtain walls Definition- External wall that ‘hangs’ on the building like a curtain and is non-load bearing. With curtain walling, double or triple glazing with built-in insulation in the non-glazed areas combines the duties of keeping the weather out as well as keeping heat or cool air inside

CLADDING TO FRAMED BUILDINGS Curtain walls Stick system Unitised or panel system Structural glazing sealant Suspended frameless glazing