1. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 1
Doors
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2. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 2
Doors
A door is a movable barrier that separates internal and external spaces
Usually attached to a frame on one side by hinges
A door provides access, protection, security and privacy
Performance standards of doors
Weather resistant – need a min gap of 2mm for free movement
Security – depend on the materials used. Internal doors need to provide minimum security
Fire resistance – internal doors made of materials that prevent the rapid spread of fire. Heavy enough to be self closing
Sound insulation
Privacy
Operation
Durability
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Parts of a standard Door
Cill – horizontal base at the base of an external door
Frame – a solid timber or metal structure fixed to the wall so that it supports the door weight and forms a seal when the door closes.
Head – horizontal piece at the top of the frame
Jamb – the vertical part of the frame that is fixed to the wall
Stile – the outer vertical piece of the door frame
The purpose of door frames is
to define openings
Reduce the gap between the door and wall
Provide finish between the door and wall
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Door construction
Ledged, Braced and Battened door
Framed, Braced and Battened door
Flush door
Paneled door
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Door construction
Ledged, Braced and Battened door
Very simple door for internal or external use, which is cheap to make
Tongued, grooved jointed battens measuring 100x10 mm form the surface of the door
Horizontal pieces called ledges measuring 100x25 mm
Diagonal pieces called braces measuring 100x25 mm. Braces should be fixed so that they slope away from the hinges
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Door construction
Framed, Braced and Battened door
This door is stronger than the ledged, braced and battened because the battens are set inside a timber frame
Battens form the surface of the door
A frame with a head rail, bottom rail and two stiles
A ledge
Braces
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Door construction
Flush doors have no projections or recesses on either surface of the door.
These doors are usually made of large sheets of plywood or hard board.
Flush doors may have glazed panels to allow in some light
Flush door
A core is the inner part of the door. The external boards or sheets of plywood are fixed to it. The core can be made from
A soft wood frame work of horizontal and vertical pieces joined together in recessed joints
A cellular centre of paper or cardboard strips glued together in a lattice pattern
A solid centre of timber strips glued together. – very heavy door with good sound insulation – external and fire doors
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8. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 8
Door construction
Construction of a Flush door
Frame for a flush door
Facing and edging of a flush door
Finishing for a flush door
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9. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 9
Door construction
Flush door
An alternative core using a cardboard lattice
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10. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 10
Door construction
Panelled door
Panelled doors are suitable for external and internal use
They are made from solid timber frames with solid or glazed panels
Intermediate rails – cross pieces that divide the door into panels
Muntins – central vertical pieces
Bottom rail – bottom horizontal framing piece
Panels – filling between the framing pieces
The parts of a panelled door
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11. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 11
Door construction
Panelled door
The panels can be
Thin, solid timber
6 mm plywood
Clear or obscure glass
The panels are usually fitted into rebates in the frames and screwed or nailed into piece
This method allows you to remove and replace panels, including glass panels
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Door construction
Strap hinge
Iron mongery
Basic door iron mongery consists of hinges, locks and latches
Parts of a butt hinge
Spring operated latch
Dead lock operated by a key
Lock and latch in one unit
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Examples of standard door locks and handles
Lever handle
Door bolt
Pull handle
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14. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 14
Different types of wooden joints
Butt joint
Lap joint
Housing joint
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Different types of wooden joints
Mortise and Tenon joint
Mitre joint
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Different types of wooden joints
Finger joint
Dove-tail joint
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