The Protestant Reformation Avoidable or Inevitable?

The Reformation What is it? What is it? Religious _____________ that split the church in western Europe and created a number of new church Religious _____________ that split the church in western Europe and created a number of new church _______________ _______________ Critics thought church was interested in_______ rather than saving _________ Critics thought church was interested in_______ rather than saving _________ Popes were more of political leaders Popes were more of political leaders Involved in misconduct Involved in misconduct New emphasis on personal faith and _________ New emphasis on personal faith and _________

In the Beginning Modern Germany or “__________________” Modern Germany or “__________________” Territory created _____ independent states Territory created _____ independent states Pope ________ sends Johann _________ to German states to raise money for Cathedral in ___________ Pope ________ sends Johann _________ to German states to raise money for Cathedral in ___________ Indulgences-___________________________ _______________________________________ Indulgences-___________________________ _______________________________________ Typically for pious (religious) deeds Typically for pious (religious) deeds Now being used simply to raise money Now being used simply to raise money

__________________ Priest and teacher in Catholic Church Priest and teacher in Catholic Church Questioned Tetzel’s selling of ________________ Questioned Tetzel’s selling of ________________ Through his studies, he developed a theory on _________________ Through his studies, he developed a theory on _________________ Salvation came through inner faith with God (no deeds) Salvation came through inner faith with God (no deeds) ________posts his ______ theses ________posts his ______ theses Wrong to sell indulgences and challenge debaters Wrong to sell indulgences and challenge debaters Word spread, the church denounces teachings Word spread, the church denounces teachings **Start of the __________________!!

Luther Splits the ____________ ___________ ___________ __________ is sole authority, Popes and bishops can’t tell what to believe __________ is sole authority, Popes and bishops can’t tell what to believe Ceremonies and priests did not help sins, salvation through God’s gift of forgiveness Ceremonies and priests did not help sins, salvation through God’s gift of forgiveness God viewed everyone equally, did not need priests to interpret Bible God viewed everyone equally, did not need priests to interpret Bible Using _________________ to spread work Using _________________ to spread work 1521-Leo X calls him a heretic (someone who goes against the teachings of the church) 1521-Leo X calls him a heretic (someone who goes against the teachings of the church) ______________________ Luther ______________________ Luther

Cont. Roman Emperor __________________ Roman Emperor __________________ Abandon his ideas and brings Luther to _______ in 1521 Abandon his ideas and brings Luther to _______ in 1521 outlaws him and calls him a heretic outlaws him and calls him a heretic banned the printing and sale of his works banned the printing and sale of his works _____________ _____________ Translate Bible to _____________ Translate Bible to _____________ Returns to his University at Wittenberg in ______ Returns to his University at Wittenberg in ______

__________________ People “___________” against the Princes who were staying loyal to the church People “___________” against the Princes who were staying loyal to the church Luther’s followers and later reformers are known as “_________________” Luther’s followers and later reformers are known as “_________________” _______________ _______________ Establishes Lutheran Church and Lutherans Establishes Lutheran Church and Lutherans Ministers are less important, all people fully interpret and understand scripture Ministers are less important, all people fully interpret and understand scripture

The Spread of Protestantism German rulers establish _______________ German rulers establish _______________ Charles V unsuccessful in stopping it Charles V unsuccessful in stopping it Goes to __________with supporters Goes to __________with supporters _______________________(1555) _______________________(1555) German ruler had the right to choose the ________________ in their state German ruler had the right to choose the ________________ in their state Most northern German states choose ________________ Most northern German states choose ________________

The Reformation hits _______ Henry __________ Henry __________ Wants to divorce wife Catherine of Aragon (no son) Wants to divorce wife Catherine of Aragon (no son) Pope ____________ VIII refused (had power) Pope ____________ VIII refused (had power) annul-_________________________________________ annul-_________________________________________ Henry withdrew from _________ Henry withdrew from _________ Parliament ends pope’s authority in England Parliament ends pope’s authority in England Grants divorce and marries Anne Boleyn Grants divorce and marries Anne Boleyn _______________________-makes king the head of the England’s Church _______________________-makes king the head of the England’s Church Eventually married _____ times and has three kids Eventually married _____ times and has three kids Edward VI, Mary and Elizabeth Edward VI, Mary and Elizabeth

The Reformation in England Cont. Religious Battle Religious Battle _____________________-Protestants gain power _____________________-Protestants gain power __________-Catholic and has Protestants killed __________-Catholic and has Protestants killed Elizabeth-Returns England to ________________ Elizabeth-Returns England to ________________ _____________ (daughter of Anne Boleyn) _____________ (daughter of Anne Boleyn) Parliament creates national church (1559) Parliament creates national church (1559) Church of England or _________________________ Church of England or _________________________ Spanish Armada Spanish Armada Mary Queen of Scots (beheaded after take-over exposed) Mary Queen of Scots (beheaded after take-over exposed) Philip II-King of Spain tries to attack but helped off Philip II-King of Spain tries to attack but helped off Economic problems Economic problems Colonies in America and struggle with who gets money Colonies in America and struggle with who gets money

John Calvin Continued ideas that were established by Huldrych Zwingli Continued ideas that were established by Huldrych Zwingli Founded a Protestant Church Founded a Protestant Church Published beliefs to be followed Published beliefs to be followed Followers known as Calvinists Followers known as Calvinists Like Luther, relied on personal faith and the Bible Like Luther, relied on personal faith and the Bible

Predestination Belief that at the beginning of time God decided who would be saved Belief that at the beginning of time God decided who would be saved Special community with high moral standards Special community with high moral standards 1536-Calvin moves to Geneva 1536-Calvin moves to Geneva Theocracy-government ruled by religious leaders claiming God’s authority Theocracy-government ruled by religious leaders claiming God’s authority Make laws that follow God’s teachings Make laws that follow God’s teachings Setting example for behavior Setting example for behavior

Calvinism Spreads France France Huguenots-high ranking nobles who converted to Calvinism Huguenots-high ranking nobles who converted to Calvinism Caused wars between Catholics and Calvinists Caused wars between Catholics and Calvinists 1598-King Henry IV issues Edict of Nantes 1598-King Henry IV issues Edict of Nantes Allows Huguenots freedom of worship and some political rights Allows Huguenots freedom of worship and some political rights Poland, Scotland, Netherland Poland, Scotland, Netherland Calvinism in England known Puritanism, shapes settlers in American Colonies Calvinism in England known Puritanism, shapes settlers in American Colonies