1. Martin Luther Starts the Reformation
Martin Luther’s protest over abuses in the Catholic Church led to the founding of Protestant churches.

2. I. CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION
Secular and humanistic ideas challenged church authority
B. Germans resisted payment to the church in Rome
C. Problems in the Catholic Church
1. Corruption (especially Popes)
2. Illiterate priests
D. Early Calls for Reform
1. John Wycliffe and Jan Hus
2. People of Florence burned possessions

3. II. LUTHER CHALLENGES THE CHURCH
A. Martin Luther
Opposed Indulgences—
pardons for sins or
crimes committed which
were purchased

4. B. The 95 Theses
1. Oct. 31, 1517!!
2. Nailed the 95 Theses to a church and asked for open debate
3. Reformation—movement of religious reform

5. 4. 3 Main Ideas
a. People could win salvation only by faith in God’s gift of
forgiveness. The Church taught that faith and “good works” were
required for salvation.
b. All Church teachings should be
clearly based on the words of the
Bible. The pope and church
traditions were false authorities.
c. All people with faith were equal.
Therefore, people did not need
priests to interpret the Bible for
them.

6. III. THE RESPONSE TO LUTHER
A. The Pope’s Threat
1. Leo excommunicated Luther
B. The Emperor’s Opposition
1. Holy Roman Emperor issued Edict of Worms
a. declared Luther a heretic
b. Luther translated the Bible into German while in hiding
c. Followers became “Lutherans”

7. C. The Peasant’s Revolt D. Germany at War
1. In response to serfdom, peasants across the German countryside revolted.
2. Luther urged prince’s to show no mercy to end revolt
3. Over 100,000 killed
Luther lost some influence over peasants but remained influential
D. Germany at War
1. Protestant-protest of the Church
2. Prince’s signed “protest” against Church, led to war

8. Peace of Augsburg(1555)—Religion of each German state would be decided by that state’s ruler

9. The Reformation Spreads to England

10. IV. ENGLAND BECOMES PROTESTANT
A. Henry VIII Wants a Son
1. 42 year old wife Catherine of Aragon had not produced a male heir
2. Pope denied annulment of marriage
a. Catherine’s nephew was Holy Roman Emperor

11. B. The Reformation Parliament
1. Henry VIII asked Parliament to end Pope’s power in England
2. He married Anne Boleyn
3. Act of Supremacy passed—
made King, not Pope,
the head of the Church
of England
'A woman who is the scandal of Christendom.' -Katharine of Aragon describes her rival, 1531

12. C. Consequences of Henry’s Changes
1. Seized church land (20% of England)
2. Henry has 6 wives (3rd one gave him a son, Edward)
3. Daughter Mary (Bloody Mary) supports Catholicism
D. Elizabeth Restores Protestantism
1. Establishes state run Anglican Church (Church of England)
a. Priests could marry
b. Services in English
E. The Spanish Armada
130 ships attacked England-England defeated Spanish
F. Conclusion
1. England began to look to America for sources of income
2. Economic losses would lead to division between monarchy and Parliament

13. Next….The Reformation Continues

14. The Reformation Continues
John Calvin and other Reformation leaders began new Protestant churches. The Catholic Church also made reforms.

15. I. CALVIN BEGINS ANOTHER PROTESTANT CHURCH
A. Calvin and His Teachings
1. Men and women are sinful by nature
2. God chooses few people to save
a. Predestination—God knew from the beginning of time who will be saved
i. (What effect would predestination have on people’s lives?)
b. Calvinism—religion based on Calvin’s teachings

16. B. Calvin Runs Geneva
1. Ideal government is a Theocracy—government controlled by religious leaders
2. Calvin runs Geneva
a. Strict rules
i. No bright colors
ii. No card playing
iii. Religious classes mandatory
b. Geneva “model city” to Protestants

17. II. OTHER REFORMERS A. The Anabaptists B. Women of the Reformation
1. Needed to be baptized again as an adult
2. Separation of church and state and refused to fight in wars
influenced Amish and
Quakers
B. Women of the Reformation
1. Women protected reformers
2. As Protestant religion grew, women’s roles were diminished

18. III. THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION
Many who remained loyal to Catholic Church reformed the church itself
Based upon what you have seen in the Protestant Reformation, make a “TO DO” list for the Roman Catholic Church