Chapter 8.1
Functionalist Perspective – Strain Theory views deviance as the natural outgrowth of the values, norms, and structure of society.
Mode of Adaptation ConformityInnovationRitualismRetreatismRebellion Cultural Goals Accept Reject Reject and Replace Cultural Norms AcceptRejectAcceptRejectReject and Replace Example Most common Burglars, drug dealers, etc.. Worker passing up an opportunity to move up Drug addicts and hermits Member of any revolutionary groups
That competition and social inequality leads to deviance. Richard Quinney suggests that ruling classes label any behavior that threatens their power as deviant.
3 explanations of deviance: 1. Control Theory – deviance is looked at as a natural occurrence. Look at why people conform rather than the causes of deviance. 2. Cultural Transmission Theory – Deviance is looked at as a learned behavior. Interaction with people Differential association is the closeness of associations a person has with deviant and nondeviant individuals.
3. Labeling theory – Focuses on how individuals come to be identified as deviant. 1. Primary deviance – nonconformity that goes undetected by those in authority. 2. Secondary deviance – results in the individual being labeled as deviant and accepting the label as true. 3. Degradation ceremony – the individual is denounced, or found guilty and is given a new identity of deviant.
Chapter 8.2
Crime is any act that authority prohibits by law and is punishable by the government.
1. Violent Crimes - Murder, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravate assault. 1. White-Collar Crime – embezzlement, price fixing, fraud, tax evasion Embezzlement Case Embezzlement Case
1. Crime Against Property - Tyler 2. Victimless Crime – Meagen 3. Organized Crime - Krista Smith's Wikispace Smith's Wikispace
FBI – Uniform Crime Reports FBI – Uniform Crime Reports Nebraska Offenses Known to Law Enforcement Nebraska Offenses Known to Law Enforcement Crime in the U.S. by Metropolitan Areas Crime in the U.S. by Metropolitan Areas