1. Chapter 6 Deviance

2. Social Control Attempts by society to regulate people’s thought and behavior. Conformity – going along with peers Obedience – compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure

3. Deviance Recognized violation of cultural norms. Crime – violation of society’s formally enacted criminal law Criminal justice system – a formal response by police, courts, and prison officials to alleged violations of the law –Criticisms of criminal justice system?

4. Social Foundation of Deviance Deviance varies according to cultural norms. People become deviant as others define them that way. Both norms and the way people define them involve social power.

5. Durkheim’s 4 Functions Deviance affirms cultural values and norms. Responding to deviance clarifies moral boundaries. Responding to deviance brings people together. Deviance encourages social change.

6. Merton’s Strain Theory The strain between our culture’s emphasis on wealth and the limited opportunity to get rich gives rise to crime and other forms of deviance.

7. Merton’s Strain Theory Mode Conformity Deviant Innovation Ritualism Retreatism Rebellion Means Goal+ -+ +---/+

8. Labeling Theory Deviance and conformity result, not so much from what people do, as from how others respond to those actions. Primary deviance – passing episodes of norm violation Secondary deviance – repeated violation of norm. Takes on a deviant identity. -Stigma – a powerfully negative social label that changes a person’s self-concept and social identity, operating as a master status.

9. Differential Association Deviance is learned in groups Exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts leads to a violation of the rules.

10. Routine Activities Theory In order to have crime you must have motivated offenders and suitable targets.

11. Control Theory Social control depends on imagining the consequences of one’s behavior

12. FBI Index of Crime 8 types of crimes that are tabulated each year by the FBI - Murder, rape, assault, burglary, theft, grand motor theft, arson, and robbery

13. Types of Crimes Organized crime – a business supplying illegal goods or services. Corporate crime – the illegal actions of a corporation or those acting on its behalf White collar crime – crimes committed by persons of high social position in the course of their occupations. Hate crimes – a criminal act against a person or a person’s property motivated by bias.

14. 4 reasons to punish 1.Retribution – an act of moral vengeance by which society subjects an offender to suffering comparable to that caused by the offense. 2.Deterrence – attempt to discourage criminality through punishment. 3.Rehabilitation – reforming the offender to prevent subsequent offenses. 4.Societal protection – rendering an offender incapable of further offenses.