Chapter 18 The Life Cycle Continues

Lesson 1 Adolescence begins with puberty. Adolescents begin moving toward adulthood during puberty. Adolescence – the period between childhood and adulthood Puberty – A time of changes: – Physical growth – Voice changes – Body begins to develop

Lesson 1 Continued Puberty usually begins sometime between the ages of 12 and 18. Puberty – when a person begins to develop certain traits of adults of his or her gender Hormones are chemical substances produced in glands that regulate many of the body’s functions and create changes that affect teens during puberty.

Lesson 1 Continued During puberty sex characteristics develop. Sex characteristics are traits related to a person’s gender. Primary sex characteristics relate to the production of reproductive cells, or gametes. The male gametes are sperm, produced by the testes. The female gametes are the eggs, or ova. At birth, a female’s body contains all the eggs she will ever produce.

Lesson 1 Continued Physical changes during puberty: – Females: Breasts develop Waistline narrows Hips widen Body fat increases Menstruation starts – Males: Facial hair appears Voice deepens Shoulders broaden Muscles develop Hairline begins to recede – Both: Body hair appears Permanent teeth grow in Perspiration increases

Lesson 1 Continued Cognition – the ability to reason and think out abstract solutions During adolescence you will learn to: – Anticipate consequences of particular actions – Think logically – Understand different points of view Accomplishments in adolescence: – Emotional and psychological independence – Personal value system – Vocational goals – Control over behavior

Lesson 2 Adulthood is not achieved until both physical and emotional maturity are achieved. Physical maturity – state at which the physical body and all its organs are fully developed Emotional maturity – state at which the mental and emotional capabilities of an individual are fully developed

Lesson 2 Continued People who are emotionally mature have: – Positive values and goals – The ability to give and receive love – The ability to face reality and deal with it – The capacity to learn from life experiences Three main stages make-up the adult years: – Young adulthood – 19 to 40 years of age Goal – develop intimacy through close relationships – Middle adulthood – 40 to 65 years of age Goal – develop a sense of contributing to society – Late adulthood – 65 to death Goal – feel satisfied with their life

Lesson 2 Continued Marriage is a commitment to share your life with another person. Commitment – promise or pledge Three keys to a successful marriage: – Communication – Emotional maturity – Values and interests

Lesson 2 Continued Issues that cause problems in marriages: – Differences in spending and saving habits – Conflicting loyalties – Lack of communication – Lack of intimacy – Jealousy, infidelity, lack of attention – Children decisions – Abusive tendencies

Lesson 2 Continued Adoption – the legal process of taking a child of other parents as one’s own Parents must provide: – Protection – Food – Clothing – Shelter – Education – Medical care – Guidance – Values – Set limits – Unconditional love

Lesson 2 Continued Unconditional love – without limitations Consequences of teen parenthood: – Financial difficulties – Educational and career restrictions – Emotional stress – Limitations on social and personal life

Lesson 3 Transitions – critical changes that occur at all stages of life Health concerns: – Eyesight changes with age – Hearing may decrease – Muscles and joints may be affected – Bones become brittle – Teeth and gums can decay – Heart disease may occur – Cancer may occur

Lesson 3 Continued Menopause – the end of ovulation and menstruation, usually between the ages of 45 and 55 When a person exercises their body and mind regularly throughout their life then they will stay healthy longer as they age. Empty-nest syndrome – feelings of sadness or loneliness that accompany seeing children leave home and enter adulthood Integrity – firm adherence to a moral code