Islamic Civilizations WHI.8a-d

Before we start… Racist Legos????? You decide!!!!

WHI.8a – Origin, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Islam Big Picture Ideas The revelations of Muhammad form the basis of the Islamic religion, a monotheistic faith. Muhammad and his followers spread Islam. Islamic traditions and customs developed over centuries and created a distinctive Muslim culture.

Big Picture Questions Where did the Islamic religion originate? Where did it spread? What are the beliefs, traditions, and customs of Islam?

Spread of Islam video Explain how Muhammad was able to spread Islam.

Spread of Islam video Explain how Muhammad was able to spread Islam.

Muhammad the Prophet While living in Mecca: Has a vision Starts spreading Islam Define prophet: Inspired teacher or proclaimer of the will of God

Two important cities Mecca: The city Muhammad was living in when he had is vision. He was run out of Mecca because of his teachings. Location of Kaaba (most sacred site of Islam) Medina: The city that Muhammad fled to after being run out of Mecca. He continued to teach Islam here.

Arabian Peninsula Both Mecca and Medina are located on the Arabian Peninsula. Today, it is the country of Saudi Arabia.

Spread of Islam Across Asia and Africa and into Spain Geographic extent of first Muslim empire throughout Africa, Southeast Asia and parts of India

OK, let’s look at the map NO, NOT A MAP!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!

Red Sea Africa Black Sea Mediterranean Sea Europe Asia Arabian Peninsula Spain Medina Mecca

Beliefs, traditions, and customs of Islam Monotheism: Allah (Arabic word for God) Sacred book: Qur’an (Koran): The word of God Five Pillars of Islam While Muhammad is the last and greatest prophet, Muslims accept Judeo-Christian prophets, including Moses and Jesus

The Five Pillars of Islam video Keep this question in mind: What are the five pillars of Islam?

Five Pillars Reading and Organizer

WHI.8b – Influence of geography on Islamic economic, social, and political development, including the impact of conquest and trade. Big Picture Ideas In the first three centuries after Muhammad’s death, Muslim rule expanded rapidly, overcoming geographic barriers, and facilitated by weakened political empires. Political unity and the Arabic language facilitated trade and stimulated intellectual activity.

Big Picture Questions How did geography influence the rapid expansion of territory under Muslim rule? How did political and cultural geography facilitate trade and cultural activity in the early Islamic lands?

Geographic influences on the origin and spread of Islam Diffusion along trade routes from Mecca and Medina

Geographic influences on the origin and spread of Islam Expansion despite great distances, desert environments, and mountain barriers

Geographic influences on the origin and spread of Islam Spread into the Fertile Crescent, Iran, and Central Asia facilitated by weak Byzantine and Persian empires

OK, let’s look at another map.

Geographic influences on economic, social, and political development Political unity of the first Muslim empire was short-lived. Define political unity: Everyone agreed on how the religion and empire was to be administered (ran) and who should be in charge. Reason????? Where have we seen this before?

Geographic influences on economic, social, and political development Arabic language spread with Islam and facilitated trade across Islamic lands. How did one language help the spread of Islam? Where have we seen this before?

Geographic influences on economic, social, and political development Slavery was not based on race. On what was slavery in Islam based? Where else have we seen this before?

WHI.8c – Historical turning points that affected the spread and influence of Islamic civilization. Big Picture Idea Major historical turning points marked the spread and influence of Islamic civilization. Define Turning Point: An event that changes things from good to bad or vice versa.

Turning Points As we go through the turning points, write down any dates that you find for these events!!

Turning Point Death of Ali: Sunni-Shi’a division

Turning Point Death of Ali: Sunni-Shi’a division Spread of Islam or Shrinking of influenced….EXPLAIN!!

Turning Point Muslim conquests of Jerusalem and Damascus

Damascus Byzantine Empire is on the decline. Damascus is in the Byzantine Empire. Damascus is an important center of trade.

Jerusalem Jerusalem was another city under Byzantine control. However, unlike Damascus, Jerusalem was an important city with religious significance.

Turning Point Islamic capital moved to Baghdad Reading: Write down the importance of Baghdad.

Turning Point Muslim defeat at the Battle of Tours Took place in modern day France Franks vs. Muslims Muslims defeated Halting the Muslim spread into Europe (had to stay in Spain)

Turning Point Fall of Baghdad to the Mongols Reading: Effects of the Fall of Baghdad

OK, now for the dates Death of Ali: Sunni-Shi’a division Muslim conquests of Jerusalem and Damascus Islamic capital moved to Baghdad Muslim defeat at the Battle of Tours Fall of Baghdad to the Mongols 661CE 634 CE 762 CE 732 CE 1258 CE

OK, let’s take a look at our map

Red Sea Africa Black Sea Mediterranean Sea Europe Asia Arabian Peninsula Spain Medina Mecca Jerusalem Damascus Baghdad Tours

Map Quiz Label the following: Baghdad Tours Damascus Jerusalem Arabian Peninsula Black Sea Medina Mecca Spain The Spread of Islam

WHI.8d – Cultural and scientific contributions and achievements of Islamic civilization. Big Picture Idea Early Islamic civilization was characterized by achievements in science and the arts that transformed the Islamic world and contributed to world civilization.

Big Picture Questions How did Islamic civilization preserve and extend ancient Greek, Persian, and Indian learning? What were some contributions of Islamic civilization?

Architecture Mosques: Islamic Churches

Architecture Minarets: Typically tall towers, visual focal point, used for the call to prayer

Architecture Domes: Dome of the Rock

Architecture Domes: Dome of the Rock Located in Jerusalem Location where Muhammad is believed to have ascended to Heaven

Mosaics Unlike Byzantine mosaics with depicted religious figures….

Mosaics Islamic mosaics are geometric designs

Arabic Alphabet One unifying written language to help promote trade and relaying information

Universities Preserved Greek and Roman learning while blending and improving on Persian and Indian discoveries Linked by trade networks throughout the empire

Translation of ancient texts into Arabic Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge Such as the writings of Aristotle. Example: A Thousand and One Arabian Nights A collection of stories with origins in Arabic, Persian, Indian, Egyptian, Mesopotamian and more.

Arabic numerals Adapted from Indian culture Contains 10 digits which can be combined to make any number Includes the concept of zero (again, from India)

Algebra Algebra existed before Islam However, Muslim mathematicians developed higher, more complex Algebraic ideas. The word algebra is a Latin variant of the Arabic word al-jabr. This came from the title of a book, Hidab al-jabr wal-muqubala, written in Baghdad about 825 A.D.

Medicine Reading…… Blended eastern (Asian) and western (European) knowledge Established hospitals and medical schools

Expansion of geographic knowledge Improved ships Perfected the astrolabe Made wide use of the compass (from China) Made the Age of Exploration and Discovery possible