1. The Islamic World CHAPTER 11 Section 1: The Rise of Islam
5/15/2018
CHAPTER 11
The Islamic World
Section 1: The Rise of Islam
Section 2: The Spread of Islam
Section 3: Islamic Civilization

2. The Rise of Islam Objectives: Section 1:
Describe how geography affected the people of the Arabian Peninsula.
Explain how Islam began.
Identify the main beliefs of Islam.

3. Arabia: Its Geography and People
Section 1:
The Rise of Islam
Arabia: Its Geography and People
Mainly desert surrounded by Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea
Inhabited by the Bedouins
Nomadic herders
Organized into tribes
Leader was called a Sheikh

4. Arabia: Its Geography and People
Section 1:
The Rise of Islam
Arabia: Its Geography and People
Most important city was Mecca
Trading city
On the caravan route to Syria

5. The Rise of Islam The Prophet Muhammad Section 1: Muhammed
Orphaned at a young age
Founder of Islam
At the age of 40, had a vision of the archangel Gabriel
Gabriel told him to preach the existence of the one god
Allah

6. The Rise of Islam The Prophet Muhammad Section 1:
Mecca a trading center
Merchants were against Muhammed
His ideas threatened their authority, conduct, and values
Forced to flee from Mecca in 622
Hijrah – journey from Mecca to Yathrib
Marks the start of the of the Muslim calendar

7. The Rise of Islam The Faith of Islam Section 1:
Follows of Islam are called Muslims
Compiled the Qur’an
Holy book of Islam
Written in Arabic
Belive in one God – submission to the will of God

8. The Rise of Islam The Faith of Islam Section 1: Five Pillars of Islam
Islamic instructions for living
Carry out worship in Mosques

9. The Spread of Islam Objectives: Section 2:
Explore how the Muslims expanded their empire.
Explain why the Islamic community divided.

10. Expansion Under Abū Bakr and ‘Umar
Section 2:
The Spread of Islam
Expansion Under Abū Bakr and ‘Umar
Caliphs
Successors to Muhammed
Were rulers of the Islamic Empire
Abū Bakr
Muhammad’s successor
Compiled the Qur’an
Holy book of Islam

11. Expansion Under Abū Bakr and ‘Umar
Section 2:
The Spread of Islam
Expansion Under Abū Bakr and ‘Umar
‘Umar
succeeded Abū Bakr
conquered neighboring non-Muslim lands by 658
Expanded into SW Asia
Eventually caused a split within Islam

12. The Islamic Community Divides
Section 2:
The Spread of Islam
The Islamic Community Divides
By 659
Disagreements about who should be caliphs led to a civil war
Two groups emerged
Sunni
Believed that agreement among Muslims should settle religious practice
Majority of Muslims are Sunni

13. The Islamic Community Divides
Section 2:
The Spread of Islam
The Islamic Community Divides
Shi’ah
Believed that Imams should decide holy matters
Fled to Persia (Iran)
Sufis
Emerged later
Believed in leading simple lives, centered on God

14. The Empire Continues to Spread
Section 2:
The Spread of Islam
The Empire Continues to Spread
The Moors
By 750 the Muslims conquered Spain
Led by Täriq
The Turks and Islam
Emerged from central Asia in the late 900s
conquered Syria, Mesopotamia, and much of Asia Minor
Set up a large empire

15. Islamic Civilization Objectives: Section 3:
Describe how the location of Arabia affected trade in the Muslim Empire.
Explain what Muslim society and family life were like.
Identify Muslim achievements in science.
Explore how Islam influenced Arab art and literature.

16. Islamic Civilization A Culture of Traders Section 3:
At center of world trade network that linked Europe, Asia, and Africa
Used trade to spread religion east
Government
Led by Caliphs
Rule according to the Qu’ran
Governed daily life

17. Government and Society
Section 3:
Islamic Civilization
Government and Society
Daily Life
Prayer at the center of daily life
Prayer 5 times a day facing Mecca
Women had rights
Muslim women enjoyed more freedoms than most other women
Polygamy was common
Everyone had roles and duties

18. Islamic Civilization The Sciences Section 3: Medicine Mathematics
studied pharmaceutical drugs and dissection
Improved surgical instruments
al-Razi wrote about diasease
Mathematics
Developed the Arabic number system, decimals. Study of algebra

19. Islamic Civilization The Sciences Section 3: Geography
Improved astronomy, navigation, and maps
Developed the astrolabe

20. Islamic Civilization The Arts Section 3: Art Literature
Developed calligraphy, architecture, geometric and floral patterns
Literature
The Thousand and One Nights – collection of folktales including “Sinbad the Sailor,” “Aladdin,” and “Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves”