Warm Up  Please copy the following questions in your binder:  What do you see?  What time period is the top picture? Bottom picture?  What changes occurred from the top to the bottom?  What might have happened to cause these changes?

Agenda  Announcements/ Housekeeping  Unit 3 Exam  Pt. 1 – Multiple Choice - Wednesday (11/6)  Pt. 2 – DBQ - Thursday (11/7)  Ms. Stacey says bye   Notes (Heavy) on Market Revolution  HW: ; GML.

A New Economy  Market Revolution  First half of 19 th century  Transformed the United States  Roads and Steamboats  First advancement was construction of roads  Turnpikes  Improved water transportation  Steamboats  The Erie Canal  Completed in 1825  Connected NYC to the Midwest

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company Map 9.1 The Market Revolution: Roads and Canals, 1840

A New Economy  Railroads and the Telegraph  Opened up interior of country  The first RR – The Baltimore and Ohio – began in  By 1860 – more than 30,000 miles of railroad.  More than the total in the rest of the world combined!  Telegraph  1844  Speed flow of information  Analogous to Twitter today. (No Joke!)

A New Economy  The Rise of the West  b/t 1790 – 1840, around 4.5 million people crossed the Appalachian Mts.  Mostly after the War of 1812  States b/t 1815 – 1821:  Indiana  Illinois  Missouri  Alabama  Maine  National boundaries were ignored  Florida, Texas, Oregon

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company Map 9.2 The Market Revolution: Western Settlement,

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company Map 9.3 Travel times from New York City in 1800 and 1830

A New Economy  The Cotton Kingdom:  Westward expansion increased divisions b/t the North and the South  Eli Whitney & the Cotton Gin (1793)  Once expected to die out with tobacco, slavery was expanded by the Cotton Kingdom  The Unfree Westward Movement:  1808 – slave trade outlawed  1 million slaves were sold and forcibly moved west

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company Map 9.4 The Market Revolution : the spread of cotton cultivation, 1820–1840

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company Table 9.1 Population Growth of Selected Western States, 1800–1850 (Excluding Indians)

Market Society  Commercial Farmers:  South lagged behind North  North:  Integrated economy of commercial farms and manufacturing cities  Farmers now connected to cities through roads and RR now made more $$

Market Society  The Growth of Cities:  Part of the West from start  Cincinnati, St. Louis, Chicago  Grew exponentially  Served as centers where western farm produce were collected and shipped east to NYC, Philadelphia, and Boston  City population increased  Markets became even more diverse

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company Map 9.5 Major Cities, 1840

Market Society  The Factory System:  Factories replace traditional craft production  First factory in America:  1790  Samuel Slater  Pawtucket, RI  Quickly expanded to all over the nation:  American system of manufacturing relied on:  Mass production  Quick assembly  Standardized products

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company Map 9.6 Cotton Mills, 1820s

Market Society  The Industrial Worker:  Changed the work atmosphere  Faster paced, on the clock  The “Mill Girls”  Lowell, Massachusetts  First time women were sent into the workforce in large numbers  Immigrants eventually replaced most women

Market Society  The Growth of Immigration:  Economic growth fueled immigrations:  Irish & German  1840 – 1860  Irish and German Newcomers:  Offered political and religious freedoms  Irish  Relief from the Great Famine in Ireland ( )  German  Second largest group

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company Table 9.2 Total Number of Immigrants by Five-year Period

Market Society  The Rise of Nativism:  Immigrants faced bitter hostility  Most notably the Irish  Protestant v. Catholic  Nativism: fearing the impact of immigration on American political and social life.  Riots targeted immigrants and their institutions  Nativists politicians were elected in the 1840s & 1850s

Market Society & The Free Individual  The Transformation of Law:  Shifted towards protecting business  Supreme Court supported this shift  The West and Freedom:  Manifest Destiny : divine mission of the United States to occupy all of North America and extend freedom, despite any costs to people or nations already there.  Offered a chance to start over and have upward mobility  Cheaper land than in the East  Economic independence = Freedom

The Free Individual  The Transcendentalists:  Spirit of westward expansion extends to intellectuals  Believed in individual judgment & self reliance  Ralph Waldo Emerson  Henry David Thoreau  Individualism:  Pursue own self interests, no matter cost to public good  No government interference

The Free Individual  The Second Great Awakening:  Religious revivals reaction to changing society  Church attendance down  Inspire people to doo good works to reach heaven  The Awakening’s Impact  Christianity becomes central to American culture  Supports the Market Revolution  Individualism  Self discipline

The Limits of Prosperity  Liberty and Prosperity:  The “self-made man”  Success achieved through hard work and intelligence; NOT privilege and favoritism  Middle class emerges  Race and Opportunity:  Not everyone benefits from Market Revolution  African Americans  Slavery  Segregation  Violence  Discrimination  Market Revolution did not extend opportunities to blacks in the North

The Limits of Prosperity  Race and Opportunity:  Not everyone benefits from Market Revolution  African Americans  Slavery  Segregation  Violence  Discrimination  Market Revolution did not extend opportunities to blacks in the North

The Limits of Prosperity  The Cult of Domesticity:  Replaced earlier “Republican Motherhood”  Women expected to be:  Sexually innocent, beautiful, frail, and dependent on men.  Minimized even women’s role in public life  Women and Work:  Realities for many women – they had to work  Only low wage jobs available  Domestic servants  Factory workers  Seamstresses

The Limits of Prosperity  The Early Labor Movement  Recession of 1819 leads to Depression in 1837  Loss of freedom for many Americans  Widening income gap  The “Liberty of Living”  Unions organized  Strikes common  Better working conditions  Fought idea of “Wage Slavery”  Market Rev offered many opportunities, it also generated anxieties; often reflected in politics.