1. Ch 14 Insights Goals Questions Part 1 Identify the two largest immigrant groups to the US in the first half of the 1800’s and explain how their experiences were different Explain how those different experiences influenced Americans attitudes towards those groups. Analyze why Americans have always had a fear or problem with immigrants.

2. ID-Irish and German Immigration by Decade (291) Summary 1- What decade brought the greatest number of Irish immigrants? 1851-1860 Summary 2- What decade brought the 2nd highest number of German immigrants? 1851-1860 Where are immigrants coming to the United States from today?

3. OI- The Emerald Isle moves West, The German Forty Eighters 1)What caused the Irish to want to leave Ireland in the 1840’s? Potato Famine in 1840’s caused starvation and disease 2) Why did the Irish find themselves living in cities like Boston and New York? Irish were too poor to move west and buy land 3) What is NINA? No Irish Need Apply (Americans did not want to hire immigrant Irish, felt that Irish worked for less and took American Jobs) Why do you think Americans were so unforgiving to the Irish?

4. 4) How were German immigrants different than Irish immigrants when they arrived? Where did the Germans settle? Germans had money and were able to move west (Mid- West- Wisconsin) and buy land, start businesses 5) Why did German’s do on Sunday that upset many Americans? Drank beer in large social parties What German influences are part of America today?

5. ID-Strong Ant foreignism was reflected in the Platform of the American Party (296) Summary 3- What was the center of the American Party beliefs? America is for native-born (in US) Americans, immigrants have no place in US OI- Flare ups of Anti-foreignism (Nativists- Americans that hate foreigners) 6) What were two reasons many Nativists were afraid of German and Irish immigrants? Irish and Germans 1) took American jobs and were 2) Catholic Why do Americans care that the Irish are Catholic?

6. 7) What were two ideas of the American or “Know Nothing” Party 1) Restrictions on immigration and 2) deportation for immigrants 8) Why were there not more acts of violence against immigrants in the US? American economy was large enough for all people to make money, immigrants found a better life, Native Americans made money off of immigrants 9) Think- Are the fears against immigrants that were evident in the US in the 1840’s still evident today? Explain –Reigion (Muslims and Catholics) –Skin Color (Africans, Asians, Latino’s) –Economic (work for less, become successful before Americans) –Differences (language, customs, behavior)

7. Goal Questions Ch 14 P2 1) Define the Cotton Gin and explain how Eli Whitney’s invention changed the nature of slavery in the United States 2) Identify 3 inventions that significantly changed America and explain how each invention impacted/made life better for Americans

8. ID- Patent for Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin (301) Summary 4-What did the Cotton Gin do? –De-seeded cotton (did not pick cotton) Summary 5- Besides cotton cultivation, what did the Cotton Gin help spread? –Slavery (Slaves could now focus on picking cotton and growers could grow as much cotton as could be picked) OI- Whitney Ends the Fiber Famine 10) How much more effective was the Cotton Gin vs. handpicking cotton? 1 slave could deseed 1 lb of cotton per day, 1 Cotton Gin could deseed 50 lbs of cotton

9. 11) Explain how the North and South profited from the invention of the cotton gin –South Became center of world cotton production (1840 S. produced 60% of world’s cotton) –North Became the center of textile (cloth) production and promoted the beginning of manufacturing in the US 12) Why did New England become the center of industrial production? Could not grow cotton or food (needed another type of business) Rapid rivers (could spin water wheels to power mills) Dense Population (workers for factories)

10. Identify the invention with the inventor and explain the impact each invention had on society OI- Whitney Ends the Fiber Famine (297) 13) Samuel Slater 1 st textile mill in US (begins manufacturing in US) OI- Marvels in Manufacturing 14) Eli Whitney- Interchangeable parts (begins mass production where machines create same part that can be used on multiple brands)

11. 15) Elias Howe and Issac Singer- Sewing Machine ( ended the seamstress/tailor and sent women who could sew to factories where they were paid less and robotic) 16) Samuel Morse- Telegraph (communication instantly over long distances)

12. OI- Western Farmers Reap a Revolution in the Fields 17) John Deere Steel Plow (opened up new areas (Great Plains) to farming that had hard soil) 18) Samuel McCormick Mechanical Reaper (one person could cut more wheat) 19) How did their two invention change the nature of farming? Inventions allowed for more food production

13. OI- Highways and Steamboats 20) Robert Fulton Steamboat (first boat w. engine),ships could travel faster, upstream, and over shallow water

14. ID- Erie Canal and Main Branches (P 312) Summary 6- If a boat traveled from Lake Erie, what city would a boat begin it’s journey and end up at? Buffalo, New York City (becomes the gateway to the west) Summary 7- How did the canal create a transportation revolution? What new areas of the US were opened up? Explain (look at the map on p 313 for help) Boats could travel from New York City all the way through the Great Lakes, areas along the lakes were opened up for trade