Exam 10 mark Question practice

Discuss the positive and negative effects on the skeletal system of young people performing: contact sports high impact sports activities involving repetitive actions [10]

Script 1 One of the positive effects is that you get stronger or healthier bones. This can increase in peak bone density or calcium deposits. It can also reduce the risk of osteoporosis. This can be done by load bearing exercises. For example running. Another positive effect of sports is that you can get healthier joints. You can also get an increase in thickness of articular or hyaline cartilage. This in will give greater ability to absorb shock so reduced risk of injury. For example in rugby hitting the other players. Another positive element is stronger ligaments. This in turn can give you stronger joints which will increase stability and for example side stepping or stepping over in football. Another positive is the reduction in sprains. This can be done by working out at different sports. This can be done by playing contact sports or running. However, not swimming.

The negative of taking part in contact sports are an increased risk of damage. For example sprains or dislocation. In football you could fall and twist your ankle causing trauma which could mean you miss most of the season and then lose your fitness. This could affect your self-esteem and you r desire to take part in more activity. You could also increase the risk of damage to growth plates or immature bone if you are young. For example doing high contact activities. Increased risk of an impact or acute injury/ break or fracture for example Wayne Rooney breaking his foot bone..There is a good chance you can get injuries from doing things for too long. You can get tendinitis or damage your joints. For example running and cycling or even football. Script 1

Script 2 There are several issues around contact, high impact and repetitive activities. Each one can have a positive and negative effect on the skeletal system. One of the positive effects is that you get stronger or healthier bones. This can increase in peak bone density or calcium deposits. Through load bearing exercises like running and high impact sports like basketball you can potentially reduce the risk of osteoporosis. A positive effect of high impact sports including contact sports is that you can get healthier joints. You can also get an increase in thickness of articular or hyaline cartilage. This in will give greater ability to absorb shock so reduced risk of injury. For example in rugby hitting the other players and in high impact sports such as netball when landing on the pivot foot. This in turn can reduce the risk of osteoarthritis later in life. Another positive element of high impact sports is stronger ligaments. This in turn can give you stronger joints which will increase stability and for example side stepping or stepping over in football. This increase in stability will reduce the risk of osteoarthritis later in life. Through participation in repetitive activities you can increase the amount of synovial fluid within the synovial joints. This will increase the flexibility of the joint which can aid performance for example high jump in athletics.

Script 3 The negative of taking part in contact sports are an increased risk of damage. For example sprains or dislocation. In football you could fall and twist your ankle causing trauma which could mean you miss most of the season and then lose your fitness. This could affect your self-esteem and you r desire to take part in more activity. You could also increase the risk of damage to growth plates or immature bone if you are young. For example doing high contact activities. Increased risk of an impact or acute injury/ break or fracture for example Wayne Rooney breaking his foot bone. There is a good chance you can get injuries from doing things for too long. You can get tendinitis or damage your joints. For example running and cycling or even football. There are several positives which include increase in stability. This will help in most sports for example running and swimming. Also football as you needs to change direction. You can also get an increase in the amount of synovial fluid which helps how easy your joints can move. This would be good for most sports. You can also get greater reduction in osteoarthritis as you have more synovial fluid. If you do contact sports then you can increase the density of your bones. This will help you when you tackle in rugby or if you land in basketball. However, if you non load bearing activates this won’t help. Overall the main thing is that you avoid doing too much of anyone activity and this way you will not get osteoporosis or osteoarthritis..

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Question Sports and games were hugely popular in nineteenth century Public Schools. Explain what were the characteristics being developed in public schools. Explain how nineteenth century Public Schools helped to promote and organise sports and games. (10)

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