1. The skeletal system
Injuries to the skeletal system
Diet and the skeletal system

2. The skeletal system
The skeletal system includes all the bones in the body.
It maintains the body’s shape and supports it, keeps it in position, and provides a structure to which muscles are attached.
3 MAIN FUNCTIONS:
1. Movement
2. Support
3. Protection 2

3. levers. Tendons attach to bones to muscles enabling
3 Functions of the skeleton
SUPPORT
Our skeleton offers
support so we can
move, stand up ,
Sit down etc.
MOVEMENT
Bones meet to form
joints, which act at
levers. Tendons attach to
bones to muscles enabling
a variety of movements.
PROTECTION
Of vital organs
E.g. ribs protect heart
& lungs. Can prevent
serious injury
during sport. 3

4. The structure of joints
Lubricates the joint
Prevents friction 4

5. Movement at joints Joint movements:
Flexion – the angle at the joint is getting smaller.
Extension – the angle at the joint is getting bigger
Adduction – a body part moves towards the centre line of the body
Abduction – a body part moves away from the centre line
Rotation – the movement is spinning or turning 5

6. Movement at joints 6

7. Hinge Joint Uniaxial joint which allows movement in one direction
Allows: flexion + extension
Like hinges on a door
Found at: elbow + knee 7

8. Ball and socket joint Allows: widest range of movement (all 5)
Occurs when rounded head of a bone fits into a cup-sized cavity
Found at: shoulder (scapula + humerus) and hip (pelvis + femur) 8

9. Exercise and the skeletal system
Bones grow until you reach approx 18 years.
Exercise can...
Increase bone density
Allow ligaments & tendons to become thicker and stronger. 9

10. Weight bearing exercises
Bones become lighter and weaker with age.
Osteoporosis is when too much bone is lost, the skeleton becomes weak and bones can break very easily.
Exercise can prevent osteoporosis, particularly weight-bearing exercises such as walking, running, skipping. They put pressure on bones, increasing their strength. 10

11. INJURIES TO BONES... 11

12. Injuries to the skeletal system
Fractures: 12

13. Injuries to the skeletal system
Stress fractures:
An ‘overuse injury’ from muscles becoming fatigued and not absorbing shock, OR, from increasing exercise intensity too quickly.
Activities played on hard surfaces such as basketball, tennis and road running are susceptible to stress fractures. 13

14. INJURIES TO JOINTS... 14

15. Injuries to the skeletal system
Sprain: 15

16. Injuries to the skeletal system
Torn Cartilage: 16

17. Injuries to the skeletal system17

18. Injuries to the skeletal system
Dislocations:
When a bone at a joint is forced out of its normal position.
Result of a hard blow causing a bone to be displaced.
The most obvious symptom is deformity and swelling of the joint 18

19. Treatment for injuries
The treatment for minor injuries:
THE RICE PROCESS:
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation 19

20. 20

21. And Finally.... 21

22. Diet and the skeletal system
Diet is essential for a strong, healthy skeletal system.
A balanced calcium-rich diet helps bones to grow and increase density (milk, cheese, yoghurt).
Vitamin D is essential to the growth and maintenance of healthy bones and helps absorb calcium.
Smoking and too much alcohol have a toxic effect on bones. 22