The Industrial Revolution How It Changed the WORLD!

Pre-Industrialization

1.People had made goods for THOUSANDS of years before the industrial revolution. A, Things were made SLOWLY. (low productivity) all BY HAND. B.WORKMEN handled all facets of production > different quality goods. C.Guilds created production STANDARDS, but prices were HIGH.

The Industrial Rev.

B.What was the Industrial Revolution? 1.Once the IR occurred a. Things made QUICKLY (high productivity), mostly by machine. b. Workmen handle one discrete task > same quality of mass produced ITEMS. c. FACTORIES made similar goods with same production standards; prices came down. 2.Spatial distribution a.Work done at a FACTORY. GOODS sold near and fat. WORKERS paid by the hour. b. Industry was clustered in FEW places.

The Industrial Rev.

Great Britain

C.Why did it begin in Great Britain? 1. CAPITALIST system. a. Guilds had created a middle class of workmen. b.People free to form businesses. c.Education d.Patent system encouraged development. 2. Jethro Tull’s seed drill (1701) and other developments > improved productivity in farming > People could leave farms and work elsewhere.

Great Britain

3.Raw materials IRON ORE, COAL 4.Rivers, canals, harbors EASE IN TRADE 5.Small, compact size IRON AND COAL NEAR RIVERS AND HARBORS 6. Existing banking system COULD BORROW $ TO BUY MACHINERY, 7.Stable political system. 7.Colonies GUARANTED MARKETS, ADDITIONAL RAW MATERIALS

Key Developments

1.James Watt patents the STEAM ENGINE 1769 a.WOOD replaces running water as source of energy. b.CHANGES location of machinery It was located by running water STREAMS AND RIVERS. Now it can be located wherever WOOD exists (more flexibility) 2.STEAM ENGINE adapts to iron industry (iron deposits in Midlands, S Scotland and S Wales.) a.Steam engine provides a stead supply of HOT AIR for blast furnace. b.> ease in (s)melting iron and shaping it into “ PIGS.”

Key Developments

c.Other industries arise from IRON industry. -Wood becomes scarce > coal > COKE (factories move to coal fields) - INTERGATED factories where iron is smelted and processed into steel. -Need to transport coal and iron > RAIL ROAD

Key Developments

3.Steam engine adapts to TEXTILE industry. a.COTTON FIBER spun into thread (inefficient by hand; efficient by machine) b.THREAD woven into cloth with power looms in large factories.

Effects - economic

1.ECONOMIC : More goods at lower prices.

Effects - social

2.SOCIAL : Available labor leaves farms and clusters in cities. a.Urban blight > pollution b.Canned food (encourages a new industry)

Effects – political

3. POLITICAL : Surplus labor > mistreated workers> liberalism and communism become more popular.

Effects – tech.

4. TECHNOLOGICAL Rail road and steam ship.

Effects – agriculture

5.AGRICULTURE : Second agricultural revolution. a.Increased productivity b.B. Use of machinery > larger farms > enclosures

Effects – demographic

6. DEMOGRAPHIC : Caused movement from stage 1 to stage 2 of DTM.

Early Diffusion

1.EASTWARD to Belgium, France, and Germany (early 1800s; delay due to Napoleonic Wars. 2. Further DIFFUSION to Italy, Netherlands, Russia, and Sweden by late 1800s. 3.US not affected by political instability in Europe; Diffusion by early 1800s. a.8,000 spindles of textiles in 1808 > 80,000 by b.By Civil War, US was world’s 2 nd largest power.