1 Ch. 20 Enlightenment And Revolution in England & America Sec. 1 Civil War & Revolution

2 Charles I and his Parliament Son of James I, Charles believed in divine right of kings plus married a French Catholic princess  out of touch w/ people & English politicsSon of James I, Charles believed in divine right of kings plus married a French Catholic princess  out of touch w/ people & English politics Charles couldn’t get $ from Par.; they gave Charles the Petition of Right  1. the king couldn’t tax the people w/out the agreement of Par.Charles couldn’t get $ from Par.; they gave Charles the Petition of Right  1. the king couldn’t tax the people w/out the agreement of Par.

3 2. he couldn’t declare martial law2. he couldn’t declare martial law 3. he couldn’t board soldiers in private homes during peacetime3. he couldn’t board soldiers in private homes during peacetime 4. he couldn’t imprison a person w/out a specific charge4. he couldn’t imprison a person w/out a specific charge Charles signed it, but ignored it, & when Par. protested, he dismissed Par. (11yrs.)Charles signed it, but ignored it, & when Par. protested, he dismissed Par. (11yrs.) Economy improved, but religion brought problemsEconomy improved, but religion brought problems

4 Puritans thought Anglican ceremonies were too much like CatholicPuritans thought Anglican ceremonies were too much like Catholic Puritans were a majority in the House of Commons & felt Charles was becoming a tyrantPuritans were a majority in the House of Commons & felt Charles was becoming a tyrant Charles tried to force the Scottish (Presbyterianism) to become AnglicanCharles tried to force the Scottish (Presbyterianism) to become Anglican 1638 the Scots signed a statement called the National Covenant  Scots swore that any changes to the Scottish church would violate their religion as well as their political freedom1638 the Scots signed a statement called the National Covenant  Scots swore that any changes to the Scottish church would violate their religion as well as their political freedom

5 Charles needed funds to put down the rebellion so he called Par. into sessionCharles needed funds to put down the rebellion so he called Par. into session They wanted to discuss complaints, so he dismissed them againThey wanted to discuss complaints, so he dismissed them again Then the Scots defeated Charles a second time in EnglandThen the Scots defeated Charles a second time in England 1640 Charles was forced to call Par. into session1640 Charles was forced to call Par. into session

6 The Long Parliament Par. met on & off for 20 yrs.Par. met on & off for 20 yrs. They passed a law that ended the king’s power to dissolve Par. & meet at least once every 3 yrs.They passed a law that ended the king’s power to dissolve Par. & meet at least once every 3 yrs a rebellion led by Irish Catholics (dispossessed & treated brutally) began against English rule1641 a rebellion led by Irish Catholics (dispossessed & treated brutally) began against English rule Par. Needed an army & they proposed they lead the armyPar. Needed an army & they proposed they lead the army Charles refused & a civil war began in 1642Charles refused & a civil war began in 1642

7 English Civil War Those who supported the king = CavaliersThose who supported the king = Cavaliers Those who supported the Par. = RoundheadsThose who supported the Par. = Roundheads Oliver Cromwell, Puritan & leader of RoundheadsOliver Cromwell, Puritan & leader of Roundheads Cromwell’s New Model Army defeated Charles in 1645Cromwell’s New Model Army defeated Charles in 1645

8 Cromwell controlled Par. (Rump Parliament) abolished the monarchy & the House of LordsCromwell controlled Par. (Rump Parliament) abolished the monarchy & the House of Lords It proclaimed England a commonwealth, or republicIt proclaimed England a commonwealth, or republic Charles was tried for treason & beheaded in 1649Charles was tried for treason & beheaded in 1649

9 Cromwell’s Commonwealth Cromwell = powerful speaker, skilled leader, uncompromising (acted harshly to suppress resistance to his rule), religious toleranceCromwell = powerful speaker, skilled leader, uncompromising (acted harshly to suppress resistance to his rule), religious tolerance Ruled England as lord protector ( ) = 5 yr. period known as the ProtectorateRuled England as lord protector ( ) = 5 yr. period known as the Protectorate Cromwell tried twice to bring a constitution – a document outlining the basic laws & principles that govern a nationCromwell tried twice to bring a constitution – a document outlining the basic laws & principles that govern a nation

10 Instrument of Gov’t of 1653 was the 1 st written constitution of any major European nationInstrument of Gov’t of 1653 was the 1 st written constitution of any major European nation Cromwell’s gov’t might have been overthrown except 3 factors:Cromwell’s gov’t might have been overthrown except 3 factors: 1. gov’t raised enough $ from taxes & royalist land sales to support itself & its army1. gov’t raised enough $ from taxes & royalist land sales to support itself & its army 2. army was disciplined & powerful2. army was disciplined & powerful 3. enemies had no organized armies3. enemies had no organized armies

11 Cromwell encouraged trade & manufacturing at homeCromwell encouraged trade & manufacturing at home Cromwell challenged the Dutch w/ the Navigation Act of 1651  requiring that all goods shipped to England from other countries be carried by English ships or by ships of the producing countryCromwell challenged the Dutch w/ the Navigation Act of 1651  requiring that all goods shipped to England from other countries be carried by English ships or by ships of the producing country Went to war w/ Dutch (1652 – 1654); no clear winner; English navy gained prestigeWent to war w/ Dutch (1652 – 1654); no clear winner; English navy gained prestige

12 End of the Revolution Cromwell fought w/ Par.  dissolved Par. & ruled alone til he died in 1658Cromwell fought w/ Par.  dissolved Par. & ruled alone til he died in 1658 His son Richard took over, but lost army’s supportHis son Richard took over, but lost army’s support 1660 the English people had enough of Cromwell’s republic bcuz it had failed to settle the nation or to solve its problems1660 the English people had enough of Cromwell’s republic bcuz it had failed to settle the nation or to solve its problems Par. invited Charles II back, he did & the Rev. was overPar. invited Charles II back, he did & the Rev. was over