1. Chapter 20: Enlightenment and Revolution in England
20.1 Civil War and Revolution

2. I. Charles I and Parliament
Charles I (son of James I) believed in Divine Right
Battles of funding
Petition of Right- presented by Parliament
King can not tax without permission of Parl.
Could not declare martial law
Could not board soldiers in private homes during peacetime
Could not imprison without a specific charge
Charles dismissed for 11 yrs
Revolt in Scotland
Charles calls Parliament into session

3. II. The Long Parliament Meet on and off for 20 yrs
Passed law- Parliament must meet at least once every 3 yrs
Parliament controls taxes
Tried to change Anglican Church- too Radical
Irish Rebellion- Irish Catholics vs. English rule
Led to Civil War- Charles I and House of Commons

4. III. English Civil War
Kings supporters: Anglicans, Catholics, nobles- royalist or Cavaliers
Parliament supporters: Puritans, Non-Anglican Protestants- Roundheads
Cromwell vs. Charles I- New Model Army defeats Charles
Cromwell controlled Parliament- Rump Parliament- abolished monarchy

5. IV. Cromwell’s Commonwealth
Oliver Cromwell-
Honest devout Puritan
Lord protector from
Military dictator
Republic- established constitution
Unpopular but brutally effective
Navigation Act of war with Dutch

6. V. End of Revolution Republican government failed
Cromwell’s son Richard loses army’s support
Parliament invited Charles II to return to English throne

7. Fun Facts
September When Charles II was restored to the throne in 1660, some of his supporters had Cromwell's body dug up and hanged(!) from a gallows as a traitor. His remains were later buried at the foot of the gibbet.
Oliver Cromwell had five sons and four daughters with a woman he married out of convenience.