Assignment  Name the twin brothers who supposedly founded Rome  Define republic  What are the differences between patricians and plebeians?  How long was the consul’s term?  How many soldiers made up a Roman legion?  What were the names of the wars fought between Carthage and Rome?  What was the name of the great Carthaginian general?  What animal did Hannibal use to cross the Alps in the 2 nd Punic War?  Name at least 2 things the Romans did to destroy the city of Carthage

The Roman Empire Brings Change

Expansion Creates Problems in the Republic  Problems: Widening gap between rich and poor.  ¼ of population is poor Slave labor Homelessness Corruption

The Republic Collapses  Gracchus Brothers Tiberius Gaius  Tribunes who tried to help the poor of Rome Very radical thinkers  Senators conspired and killed them  Civil War follows their deaths (133 BC) (121 BC)

Roman Civil War  Changes in the character of the army had led to the rise of politically powerful military leaders. Generals recruited the poor as soldiers  Promised them land  Replaced citizen soldiers

Monday Night Roman Death Match!! Sulla Gaius Marius VS

 2 Generals Sulla Gaius Marius  Between BC, they waged war with each other. Sulla wins  Dies soon after  Brought temporary order to Rome

Leaders Emerge  Triumvirate Julius Caesar  Brilliant General and strategist Crassus  Wealthy Roman Pompey  Popular War Hero and General  Dominated Rome for 10 years

Caesar Takes Control  BC Caesar led a successful campaign in Gaul.  Fought with his men in battle Won their respect and loyalty  Often sent messages back to Rome, to gain support.  Senate, with Pompey’s urging, ordered Caesar to disband his army.

Caesar invades Rome!!!!!!  January 10, 49 BC Caesar crosses the Rubicon River and invades Rome.  “Burned his Bridges” Pompey flees Rome  Caesar defeats Pompey multiple times  46 BC, returns to Rome Senate names him Dictator for life

Caesar’s Reforms  Absolute Ruler  Granted citizenship to people in provinces  Expanded the Senate  Created new job Construction of new buildings  Created new colonies, so the landless could own land  Increased pay for soldiers

Caesar’s Assassination  Ides of March Killed by 23 senators  Good friend Brutus assisted  Civil War breaks out