A Quick History of Photography Photo I

Beginnings of Photography Camera Obscura – “dark chamber” –Described first by 10 th century Arabian scholar Alhazen

How a camera obscura works When light passes through hole it bends or REFRACTS

Renaissance used as drawing tool to trace images Hockney-Falco thesis

Entertainment Entertainment – people paid to look inside a camera obscura – first “reality” show

First Photograph Joseph Niephore Niepce Coated a sheet of pewter with “asphalt” (bitumen of Judea) and lavender oil Exposed for eight hours in a camera obscura Called it heliography (helios – sun, graphy – drawing)

Daguerreotype Louis Daguerre –Shared info with Niepce –Daguerreotype showed fine detail –Silver plated on a copper sheet Silver was exposed to iodine fumes – made it light sensitive After exposed, image was developed with mercury vapors

Calotype William Henry Talbot –Figured out how to use paper to create negatives and prints –First Contact Printing – could make multiple copies –Images were soft like a charcoal drawing

Collodion- Wet Plate Frederick Scott Archer Coated glass plates with collodion –Light sensitive when wet –Had to be processed while still wet –Photographer had to carry around complete darkroom –Could be a negative or a positive image (albumen) –Also used for tintypes and stereographic photos

Gelatin Emulsion – Roll Film – 1880s Invention of gelatin based emulsion that could be applied to roll film This concept made photography accessible and easy to everyone

Kodak George Eastman – Eastman Kodak Company Invented the equipment to mass produced roll film First public camera – the “Brownie” –“You push the button, we do the rest.”

Common Early Photographs Portraits – replaced painted portraits for general public Travel Photos – “exotic” places such as Egypt, Africa, the American West Civil War Photos – first time people saw results of war

Pictorialists In the fight to make photography art, some photographers altered their cameras to create Impressionistic images –Used Vaseline on lenses or fuzzy printing processes –Posed “characters” in classical scenes

Photo Succession and “Straight Photography” Alfred Stieglitz Promoted and published avant-garde photographers – unmanipulated photos Magazine – “Camera Work” Paul Strand, Edward Weston, Ansel Adams

Action Photographs First photos had long exposures –Action would be blurry –Eyes would turn white Eadweard Muybridge – motion studies using trip wires and multiple cameras

Zoetrope

Zoetrope Example N3Ji4https:// N3Ji4 Gv088http:// Gv088

1936: Kodachrome First color multi-layered color film (Kodak stops production in 2013)

1990: Adobe Photoshop released

1999: first DSLR design by a leading manufacturer. Nikon D1 SLR, 2.74 megapixel for $6000

2000: Camera phone introduced Japan by Sharp/J-Phone

End of An Era 2001: Polaroid goes bankrupt 2004: Kodak ceases production of film cameras

2007: The first iPhone is released

Social Media Takes Over 2004: Facebook starts 2010: Instagram is created 2011: Snapchat is launched