Value

In the visual arts the term value describes the relationships of light and dark. White under brilliant illumination is the lightest possible value, black in shadows, the darkest. A range of shades describe the grays in between black and white. Every surface possess a relative degree of lightness or darkness that the artist analyzes and records as a value. The artist uses black, white and grays in drawing as a visual representation that interprets what we see. The dictionary describes value as: relative intensity In drawing, line is used to represent the contours and edges of an object. Most subjects display characteristics and moods that cannot be described fully by contour alone.

Value clarifies and enriches the space defined by our line drawings in 4 ways: Value is used to describe Form and Space. Value describes pattern and texture and an objects surface qualities. Value is employed to describe mood and drama. Contrasting values directs viewers to points of emphasis and importance.

1)Value is used to describe Form and Space. 3-D Forms and Space become visible when we describe an objects values of light and shadow through shading techniques.

The side facing the light source has a highlight. The side facing away from the light source is in shadow. The object casts a dark shadow away from the light source.

An illusion of distance can be created by using value. The darkest plane appears closest with the other toned planes overlapping and receding backwards.

2)Value describes pattern and texture and an objects surface qualities.

Each surface texture is described using value. Grant Wood In the Spring, 1939

3) Value is employed to describe mood and drama. The artist does this by emphasizing tones at one end or another of a value scale. Dark tones for dark and ominous drawings Light tones for cheerful and airy drawings.

Edward Hopper grouped together dark values to surround and isolate his figures. By doing so he created a sense of mystery and loneliness.

4) Contrasting values direct viewers to points of emphasis and importance. Value contrast can be employed to depict dramatic effects. Light and dark values can be used to create points of emphasis in compositions and in doing so, draw attention to areas in the terms of importance. Kathe Kolliwitz used emphasis of value to direct the viewer to the persons facial expression.

An example of a line drawing on gray paper. Whites and darks are carefully added to create a full range of values.

Making a value scale is a good practice in helping you see the range of values from light to dark. Many students see only the lightest or darkest tones and have trouble seeing the values in between. This is a 6 value scale including the white of the paper.