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UNIT 9 Chapter 27 – The Age of Imperialism
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CHAPTER 27 The Age of Imperialism, 1850–1914 The Scramble for Africa
Western countries colonize large areas of Africa and Asia, leading to political and cultural changes. Soldiers fighting in Boer War (South African War, 1899–1902). SECTION 1 The Scramble for Africa SECTION 2 CASE STUDY: Imperialism SECTION 3 Europeans Claim Muslim Lands SECTION 4 British Imperialism in India SECTION 5 Imperialism in Southeast Asia
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OBJECTIVES CORE OBJECTIVE: Trace the spread of European influence through Imperialism. Objective 9.1: Summarize the motives of European colonizers and the factors that allowed them to control Africa
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Chapter 27 SECTION 1 THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA
Ignoring the claims of African ethnic groups, kingdoms, and city-states, Europeans establish colonies.
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EARLY AFRICA Problems Discourage Exploration
Armies, rivers, disease discourage exploration Nations Compete for Overseas Empires Imperialism — seizure of a territory by a stronger country Missionaries, explorers, humanitarians reach interior of Africa The Congo Sparks Interest Henry Stanley helps King Leopold II of Belgium acquire land in Congo Leopold brutally exploits Africans; millions die Belgian government takes colony away from Leopold Much of Europe begins to claim parts of Africa WRITE THIS DOWN!
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AFRICA DIVIDED The Lure of Wealth
WRITE THIS DOWN! The Lure of Wealth Discovery of gold and diamonds increases Raw materials are greatest source of wealth in Africa Businesses develop cash-crop plantations Berlin Conference Divides Africa Berlin Conference —14 nations agree on rules for division (1884–85), claimed African lands for control countries must claim land and prove ability to control it They divided Africa under European control without any African’s leaders permission By 1914, only Liberia and Ethiopia are free of European control
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Cartoon-European grab bag
European nations colonizing Cartoon-European grab bag
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REASONS FOR IMPERIALISM
WRITE THIS DOWN! Belief in European Superiority Race for colonies grows out of national pride Racism — belief that one race is better than others Social Darwinism — survival of the fittest applied to human society Factors Promoting Imperialism in Africa Technological inventions like steam engine, Maxim gun help conquest of Africans Perfection of quinine protects Europeans from malaria Within Africa, Africans are divided by language and culture
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EUROPE GRABS TERRITORY
Imperialism Through Flags by Eddie Izzard
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SOUTH AFRICA Zulus Fight the British
Shaka — Zulu chief — creates centralized state around 1816 British defeat Zulus and gain control of Zulu nation in 1887 WRITE THIS DOWN! Boers and British Settle in the Cape Boers, or Dutch farmers, take Africans’ land, establish large farms Boers clash with British over land, slaves; move north to escape British Boer War between British, Boers begins in 1899; Britain wins Boer republics united in Union of South Africa (1910)
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The Scramble for Africa ASSESSMENT
The major source of wealth in Africa was the continent’s __________. Government taxation policy Diverse population that was willing to work in factories Natural Resources Human Resources What happened as a result of the Berlin Conference of ? France and Britain agreed to govern their African colonies jointly Less fighting between African leaders and European powers African leaders gave suggestions for better relations with Europe Europeans divided Africa into colonies without consulting African leaders
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The Scramble for Africa ASSESSMENT
The major source of wealth in Africa was the continent’s __________. Government taxation policy Diverse population that was willing to work in factories Natural Resources Human Resources What happened as a result of the Berlin Conference of ? France and Britain agreed to govern their African colonies jointly Less fighting between African leaders and European powers African leaders gave suggestions for better relations with Europe Europeans divided Africa into colonies without consulting African leaders
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CHAPTER 27 SECTION 2 CONTROL & RESISTANCE
Europeans embark on a new phase of empire building that affects both Africa and the rest of the world.
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TYPES OF IMPERIALISM Indirect Control
Country is ruled by local governments under foreign authority Legislative body includes colonial, local officials Direct Control – parent govt. rules Paternalism — Europeans provide for local people, but grant no rights Assimilation — adaptation of local people to ruling culture WRITE THIS DOWN!
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RESISTANCE FAILS Africans Confront Imperialism Unsuccessful Movements
Broad resistance to imperialism, but Europeans have superior weapons Unsuccessful Movements Algeria actively resists French for almost 50 years Samori Touré fights French in West Africa for 16 years In German East Africa, people put faith in spiritual defense Results in about 75,000 deaths; famine kills twice as many
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ETHIOPIAN SUCCESS Menelik II, emperor of Ethiopia in 1889, resists Europeans plays Europeans against each other stockpiles modern weapons defeats Italy, remains independent WRITE THIS DOWN!
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LASTING LEGACY Negative Effects Positive Effects
Africans lose land and independence, many lose lives Traditional cultures break down Division of Africa creates problems that continue today Positive Effects Colonialism reduces local fighting Sanitation improves; hospitals and schools created Technology brings economic growth WRITE THIS DOWN! CRASH COURSH: Imperialism
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CONTROL & RESISTANCE ASSESSMENT
How did Europeans use paternalism to govern people in colonies? They allowed them to assimilate into European society They provided for colonies needs but did not allow full rights They trained colonial peoples to govern themselves They trained them in European farming and mining techniques How did Menelik II keep colonial interests out of Ethiopia? He enlisted the help of the Boers He began wars with Britain, France, and Italy He exploited European rivalries and built a modern army He signed a pact with Egypt and Algeria to fight against invaders
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CONTROL & RESISTANCE ASSESSMENT
How did Europeans use paternalism to govern people in colonies? They allowed them to assimilate into European society They provided for colonies needs but did not allow full rights They trained colonial peoples to govern themselves They trained them in European farming and mining techniques How did Menelik II keep colonial interests out of Ethiopia? He enlisted the help of the Boers He began wars with Britain, France, and Italy He exploited European rivalries and built a modern army He signed a pact with Egypt and Algeria to fight against invaders
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