1. Warm-Up: Of all the events that you studied in your packet, which do you think had the greatest impact on dividing the nation? EXPLAIN!!!

2. Causes of the Civil War

3. The Missouri Compromise  Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state  North: Opposed  What would keep slavery from spreading into the rest of the Louisiana Purchase  It was north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi that was free territory  South: Favored  The federal government did not have the right to tell states if they could be free or slave  It would give them more power in Congress

4. The Missouri Compromise  The Tallmadge Amendment proposed that Missouri be admitted as a free state  North: Favored  It would give them more power  Abolitionist saw slavery as an evil they needed to end and this was a step in the right direction  South: Opposed  Congress had no right to tell a state if it can be free or slave  If Congress could end slavery in Missouri, they could eliminate it else where.

5. The Missouri Compromise  1820  Missouri admitted to the Union as a slave state  Maine as a free state  Slavery was to be south of latitude 36’ 30 and free to the north in the Louisiana territory

6. Missouri Compromise Unravels  Abolitionist want to stop slavery in D.C., but Congress refuses  North: angered  Congressed tabled the issue, halting all debates on slavery  South: pleased  They did not want to make changes to the slave trade and not talking about it meant not change

7. Missouri Compromise Unravels  Some Northerners Assisted Fugitive slaves  North: tolerated  People in the north were sympathetic to slaves and willingly helped them  South: Condemned  Southerners viewed northerners as bank robbers because they were taking their property and lively hood.

8. Missouri Compromise Unravels  The Wilmot Proviso: slavery not allowed in Mexican Cession  North: favored  They wanted to stop slavery from spreading into any new territories  South: opposed  Maintained that the government could not dictate where slavery was and was not legal

9. Missouri Compromise Unravels  California applied to be a free state  North: favored  It would be another free territory  They would have more control in Congress  South: opposed  It would upset the balance of power in Congress  It was up to the state whether to be free or not

10. Compromise of 1850  California admitted as a free state  New Mexico and Utah would be territories open to slavery  Slave trade ended in Washington, D.C.

11. Compromise Satisfies No One  Fugitive Slave law caused bitterness  Stated that runaways had no legal rights and those that assisted them could be jailed  North: dissatisfied with the law  Refused to follow the law  Met with widespread opposition  South: dissatisfied with the law  Felt the law did not do enough  Outraged that northerners would not comply making it almost impossible to enforce.

12. Compromise Satisfies No One  Uncle Tom’s Cabin  North: popular  It portrayed the reality of the cruelties of slaveries  South: unpopular  It was met with scorn and curses

13. Compromise Satisfies No One  Kansas-Nebraska Act said that the slavery issue to be decided by popular sovereignty  North: unhappy  They didn’t want slavery to spread across the great plains  South: pleased  It essentially opened the territory to slavery  Both abolitionist and slave supporters flocked to the state to help influence the territories  The settlement turned violent with conflicts erupting between the two sides.

14. Compromise Satisfies No One  The Dred Scott Case  North: believed he was free  He had lived in the free state of Wisconsin he was a free man  South: believed he was still a slave  He was a slave and was property of the owner and his heirs.

15. Dred Scott Decision  Scott was not a citizen so he could not sue for his freedom in federal court  The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. Slaves are property and it does not matter where their owners take them they are still slaves.  Fifth Amendment: property cannot be taken away without due process

16. From Compromise to Conflict  The Lincoln-Douglas debates on slavery  Lincoln: slavery is a moral issue  Lincoln felt that the real issue was the sentiment that some thought slavery was right and some thought it was wrong, not whether it was unconstitutional of not  Douglas: Legal  Douglas felt that the Dred Scott case legally settled the slavery issue for good declaring it constitutional.

17. From Compromise to Conflict  John Brown raid at Harpers Ferry  North: reassured  Viewed John Brown as a hero for standing up to slavery  South: upset  It left them uneasy, especially because the north saw him as a hero  John Brown predicted that this issue would only be solved with bloodshed

18. From Compromise to Conflict  Abraham Lincoln elected in 1860  North: happy  Lincoln was anti-slavery and he received the majority of his votes in the north  South: unhappy  New they were now in the minority  They no longer had the power to shape policy  Feared that Congress would abolish slavery

19. Secessoin  April 12, 1861  A little more than a month after Lincoln’s inauguration, Southern forces open fire at Fort Sumter in Charleston, SC signaling the beginning of the Civil War.