2. A.What is of Taxonomy? The science of naming organisms and classifying them into groups B.Why classify? Provides a universal language so scientists can communicate globally Groups organisms to show evolutionary relationships C. How do we classify? Physical similarity. Genetic similarity. I. Taxonomy CLASSIFICATION

3. A. Organisms grouped in increasing levels of specificity II. Levels of Classification Levels Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Analogy Continent Country State County City Street # Example Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo sapiens King Philip Came Over For Great Sandwiches Example 2:

4. B. Naming Organisms II. Biological Classification Father of Taxonomy a.Developed by Carolus Linnaeus and is known as binomial nomenclature b.The rules: Scientific names have two parts: Genus and species  Homo sapien (human)  Felis domesticus (cat) Capitalize Genus, but not species Underline or put in italics

5. II. Biological Classification C. Cladograms Show evolutionary relationships. Each branch indicates shared characteristics (which are often noted on the branch itself). Numbers are millions of years ago See pp. 608-609 in textbook

6. A. Kingdom Archaebacteria Organisms are prokaryotes, single cellular Organisms do NOT have carbohydrates in cell wall Organisms live in harsh environments:  anaerobic (no oxygen) mud  found in digestive tract of animals  extremely hot or salty water III. The Six Kingdoms

7. B. Kingdom Eubacteria Larger of the two bacteria kingdoms Organisms are prokaryotes (cells do not have a nucleus nor membrane enclosed organelles), single celled Organisms have carbohydrates in cell wall Populations are widespread and diverse Example: cyanobacteria (blue-green bacteria) III. The Six Kingdom System

8. C. Kingdom Protista Organisms are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles) Organisms are often single-celled or multicellular Organisms are animal, plant, or fungus-like but can’t be classified as one or the other Examples: Amoeba, Diatoms and algae III. The Six Kingdom System

9. D. Kingdom Fungi Organisms are eukaryotes with cell walls Organisms are heterotrophic (obtains energy from the food it eats). Multi-cellular. Examples: mushrooms, mold, and yeast III. The Six Kingdom System

10. E. Kingdom Plantae Organisms are eukaryotes and multicellular Cells are surrounded by cell walls Organisms are autotrophic (make their own food through photosynthesis) Examples: plants, mosses, and ferns III. The Six Kingdom System

11. F. Kingdom Animalia Organisms are multicellular with eukaryotic cells that lack cell walls Organisms are heterotrophic Organisms reproduce sexually Examples: fish, insects, mammals III. The Six Kingdom System