1. European Imperialism in Africa Devastation of Racism 1

2. Causes for European Imperialism Industrialization Ethnocentrism/ Racism Technology Europeans needed raw materials for their factories Europeans needed new markets for their goods Europeans believed they were superior to all other cultures Europeans believed God wanted them to rule the world New technology allowed Europeans to explore the harsher environments in Africa & Asia Superior technology allowed Europeans to easily conquer most African & Asian civilizations Summarize info above. 2

3. Scramble for Africa Beginnings Organization is the key to power American newspaper reporter was sent to find Scottish missionary David Livingstone, his reports sparked the interest of the “Western World” European nations began claiming territory European nations decided to be “civilized” Berlin Conference from 1884-85 divided the continent of Africa among the European nations Europeans did not consider cultural boundaries nor native African governments By 1914 only Ethiopia & Liberia were independent nations 3 Summarize the information above

4. South Africa The Dutch The British Zulus Dutch traders established an outpost in the Cape of Good Hope in 1652, called Cape Colony Dutch farmers or Boers (Afrikaners)settled and established large farms The British took over the Cape Colony in the 1800s Disagreements over land & slave policies developed Boers moved north on the Great Trek Zulus, native Africans, had a strong nation state in northern South Africa Shaka used his well disciplined army to fight off the Europeans Later leaders could not hold out 4 Summarize information above.

5. Boer War Gold & Diamonds 1 st “Total” War Discovery of gold & diamonds after 1860 led to a flood of immigrants from all over the world The Boers did not want to give up any political power, they blamed the British for an attempted rebellion War between the Boers & the British began in 1899 Boers used “guerilla” raids against the British British burned Boer farms, and imprisoned women & children Black Africans also fought in the war, over 14,000 died from disease & starvation in British concentration camps 5 Summarize information above.

6. Forms of Imperialism Colony Protectorate Sphere of Influence Economic Imperialism European country took direct control and established a government Native government remained but all outside contact went through a European country European country had exclusive trading & investment rights, native government maintained control Native government is influenced by private businesses instead of a foreign government Put it in your own words.

7. Forms of Control Indirect Direct Method preferred by US & Britain, used local leaders to deal with day to day government issues European leaders were sent to colonies to control every aspect of the government Paternalism-European policy that believed natives had to be taught like children Assimilation-Europeans enforced the adoption of their culture, weakening the native culture Put it in your own words.

8. Resistance Unsuccessful Resistance Successful Resistance Leaders that used just military or religious resistance usually failed; for example Mandingo leader Samori Touré’s fight against the French Leaders that used diplomacy with military strength maintained independence Put it in your own words.

9. Legacy Negative Effects Positive Effects Loss of control, independence, & population Loss of traditional culture, family structure fell apart as families were separated Division of the continent-political boundaries DO NOT reflect cultural boundaries Reduced local warfare as long as Europeans were in power Increased life span & literacy Built infrastructure Incorporation into global economy Put it in your own words.