1. New Title Page (new right page): Capitalism, Socialism and the Spread of Imperialism

2. OA #1 (new left page) If you own a business or when you have a job, who should decide what to do with the business and who should decide what do with the money?

3. Agree or Disagree Property and the means of production (factories) should be owned by businesses and individuals

4. Agree or Disagree When individuals follow their own self interest, progress will result.

5. Agree or Disagree The government must act to protect workers since employers often take advantage of them.

6. Agree or Disagree The government should own property and the means of production

7. Agree or Disagree The government should not interfere in the economy because the rules of the market-place (world of business) benefit everyone.

8. Agree or Disagree Good’s should be distributed according to each person’s needs

9. Agree or Disagree Competition among businesses is good.

10. Agree or Disagree Progress results when producers of goods cooperate for the benefit of all.

11. OA #2 (new left page) If you were starting your own country, what type of government would you prefer, a capitalistic government or a socialistic government? Explain why.

12. OA #3 (under OA #2) What are some of the positives of Capitalism? What are some of the positives of Socialism?

13. OA #4 (new left page) How does a country become an empire?

14. The Age of Imperialism Imperialism = a policy of conquering and ruling other lands

15. In the mid-1800s, Britain was the most powerful nation in the world. By the late 1800s, however, Germany and the United States were challenging Britain’s economic leadership. Faced with possible decline, Britain looked increasingly to its colonies for markets and resources.

16. Nations competed for overseas empires. Imperialism fostered rivalries. – The French and Dutch expanded their empires – Spain and Portugal attempted to build their empire in Africa – Russia expanded into central Asia and Siberia Countries without colonies wanted to acquire colonies (Belgium, Italy, Germany)

17. The United States and Japan, also became involved in overseas expansion during this period. Increasingly, Europeans viewed an empire as a measure of national stature. Thus, the race for colonies grew out of a strong sense of national pride as well as from economic competition.

18. OA #5 (Under OA #4) What is the relationship between imperialism and nationalism?

19. OA #6 (new left page) What is the definition of a imperialism?

20. Imperialism Imperialism is ______________?

21. Imperialism Imperialism is the domination by one country of the political, economic, and/or economic life of another country There are 3 forms of imperial rule: 1.Colonies 2.Protectorates 3.Sphere of Influence

22. Colonies – an area under the complete control of another country and settlers from the mother country come to the colony to live. – Two types of colonies: direct control and indirect control Direct Control  sending officials and soldiers from home country to control their colonies (France) Indirect Control  Using local rulers to govern their colonies (USA)

23. Protectorate – a country that is independent (sovereign), but under the protection of another country. – Cost little to run and didn’t require large military forces Spheres of Influence – a region where one country dominates trade with that area (the area does not officially belong to another country)

24. OA #7 (new left page) 1.Read the primary source. 2.Answer the questions in complete sentences (do not write question down)

25. England conquered the most land area. “The sun never sets in the British Empire.”

28. England, France, The Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, Russia, The U.S., Germany, Italy, Japan, Belgium and Turkey all practiced imperialism.

30. Africa had hundreds of different ethnic groups, over 1,000 languages, large empires, independent villages, powerful armies, and large trade networks controlled by Africans.

31. Europeans needed new markets for their manufactured goods. Overproduction and under consumption, in Europe, required Europeans to look for new markets and new consumers. Europeans also needed new sources of raw materials to support their growing industries. (oil, cotton, rubber, tin, copper, gold) Europeans also wanted cheap and profitable labor, e.g. Indian laborers growing cotton and opium. Europeans wanted cheap and profitable land. European consumers demanded foods that were not grown in Europe. (coffee, chocolate, tea, bananas, oranges) What was the cheapest way for Europeans to get all this stuff? Bully the countries that weren’t industrialized and take their resources and force them to stop growing crops to feed themselves and instead grow cash crops and work in mines.

32. Europeans wanted raw materials to support their industries, some wanted to spread Christianity, all of the countries wanted to increase the power and prestige of their countries. (remember nationalism)

33. Europeans wanted raw materials to support their industries Some wanted to spread Christianity, all of the countries wanted to increase the power and prestige. (**Remember nationalism) Europeans used racist views like Social Darwinism to justify imperialism. They told themselves that Asians and Africans were inferior and needed Europeans to help them become “civilized.”

36. Europeans had a technological advantage (the maxim gun). The Steam Engine allowed them to travel to the interior of Africa and Asia. Railroads and cables made communication easier between the mother country and the colony. Quinine allowed more Europeans to resist malaria. African unity was difficult because of the many different languages and cultures. Europeans used African rivalries to their advantage.

37. Almost the entire continent of Africa was divided by Europeans without any concern for Africans themselves. The new boundaries ignored African land claims and ethnic groups. Places were renamed using European names.

39. Before 1875 – 10% of Africa was under European control 1875 – The Scramble for Africa took place In 1884–85 – Berlin Conference the major European powers (France, Germany, the UK, Belgium, and Portugal) No African rulers were invited to attend the conference, as their opinions and rights were regarded as irrelevant to the proceedings. With the expansion of imperial control, European missionaries and explorers were able to move in, closely followed by the traders and government officials sent to exploit and govern the new empires. Italy controlled Somalia (from 1889) and Libya (conquered 1911),SomaliaLibya Portugal held Angola and Mozambique, and Germany controlled Namibia (from 1884), Cameroon (from 1884), and Tanzania (from 1885).NamibiaCameroonTanzania Belgium held the Belgian Congo, a vast area in Central Africa that became the personal property of King Leopold II in 1885. By 1900 most of Africa was controlled by the empires of Europe; only Ethiopia and Liberia remained free, although Ethiopia had to fend off an Italian invasion in 1896.Congo EthiopiaLiberia

41. Life spans and literacy increased. Hospitals and schools were built, only a very small percentage of Africans were able to get an education. Sanitation improved in some places. Many died from new diseases like smallpox. Thousands of Africans died resisting Europeans. Famines resulted from the changes in. (Europeans grew cash crops in the place of food crops) Many Africans struggled with their identity because they were taught by Europeans that “white” culture was better than “black” culture. Families suffered as fathers were forced to leave their villages to go and work for Europeans.

42. OA #8 (new left page) In your opinion, do you think imperialism did more good or more harm?

43. Effects of Imperialism

44. Introduction While imperialism certainly had an immediate impact, it had several powerful long-term effects which are still noticeable today.

45. 1. Income Gap The rich got richer and the poor got poorer. European nations took raw materials, labor, and taxes from their colonies.

46. 2. Rivalry and Competition Between European Powers This culminated in World War I.

47. 3. Destruction of Traditional Family and Village Life Europeans often imposed their ways of life & culture on the people they imperialized.

48. 4. Loss of Self-Rule India’s government no longer had a say in how their country was run British imposed their laws upon the Indians

49. Answer in groups How could imperialism possible be good for India in the long term?

50. 5. Widespread Famine British forced Indian farmers to grow cash crops (i.e. cotton) instead of food crops used to support population This regulation led to famine throughout India.

51. 6. Improved Education, Sanitation and Medicine While most of the effects of imperialism were negative, many areas did benefit in these respects. Europe brought many technological advances including medicine

52. 7. Infrastructure in India Under European direction, roads were built and various systems of transportation (railroad, etc.) and communication (mail, etc.) were put in place.

53. 8. Cultural Exchange While European ideas were introduced to India, Indian ideas were also introduced to Europe.